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Variation in perceived/subjective experiences of stress across individual lifetimes & between individuals

High intraindividual variability in reporting negative affect in response to stressful experiences (Mroczek & Almeida 2004)

Some indications that reactivity to stress and likelihood to report negative affect varies by age and biological sex*

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How is change in negative affect across time impacted by daily change in stressors for individuals & between individuals?

How is between-individual variation in negative affect impacted by daily stressors experienced, age, and sex?

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Study of Daily Experiences (MIDUS subsample) 1996-1997

Intent to look at seasonality in relation to daily experiences

Up to 8 interview occasions across 1 year w/ repeated measures

Time zero = entrance into study

N=1499 participants with 6-8 measurement occasions

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Outcome=
summed score of negative affect at every interview day

derived from 11 questions about depression, anger, nervousness etc on a scale of 1-5 (none to all of the time)

Summed scale of 0-50

Covariates =
Summed score of daily stressful experiences

Stress at x location Y/N (1/0)

If yes, severity of stressor on scale of 1-5  (not at all stressful-very stressful)

Coded those who reported no stress for that day with "0" for severity of stress so new scale goes (0-5)

Time-varying

Summed Scale 0-10

Age

Continuous variable and age category variable

Biological Sex

Male=1, Female=2

Original data uses "gender" but what they are referring to is biological sex

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There does appear to be a relationship between change in daily stress in relation to change in daily negative affect accounting for both sex and age. However, effect sizes are small and the interaction of daily stress and age producing an opposite directionality warrants more investigation.

Paper I adapted my models and framework from:

Mroczek, Daniel K., and David M. Almeida. "The effect of daily stress, personality, and age on daily negative affect." Journal of personality 72, no. 2 (2004): 355-378.