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Años: 7 - 4 millones

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Especie: Australopithecus afarensis
Años: 3,8 - 3 millones
Habitos arbóreos.

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Location: Hadar, Ethiopia.

Age: 3.6-2.9 million years ago.

Material: epoxy resin cast.

Notes: RLA catalog no. 2501.1rp13 (cast). Fossil cranium discovered in 1992 by Yoel Rak. Male cranium. Evidence of sexual dimorphism. Cast made by Bone Clones, Inc. From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Jordyn Gray.

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Australopithecus afarensis (2501.1rp13) - skull

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Australopithecus afarensis Location: Hadar, Ethiopia. Age: 3.6-2.9 million years ago. Material: epoxy resin cast. Notes: RLA catalog no. 2501.1rp13 (cast). Fossil cranium discovered in 1992 by Yoel Rak. Male cranium. Evidence of sexual dimorphism. Cast made by Bone Clones, Inc. From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

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Especie: Australopitecus  africanus
Años: 3,3 - 2,5 millones

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Newly optimised, September 2017.

Photogrammetry modelling of moulded reconstruction of Mrs Ples (Australopithecus africanus), recorded with permission at Oxford Natural History Museum, November 9th 2013.

Photos and modelling: Brandon Mason

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Newly optimised, September 2017. Photogrammetry modelling of moulded reconstruction of Mrs Ples (Australopithecus africanus), recorded with permission at Oxford Natural History Museum, November 9th 2013. Photos and modelling: Brandon Mason - Mrs Ples (A. africanus) - 3D model by Maritime Archaeology (@maritimearchaeologytrust) [87c74f7]

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Especie: Paranthropus bosei
Años: 2.5 - 1.2 millones
Dieta basada en semillas (por eso tanto esmalte en la dentadura)

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The Australopithecus boisei skull, is the most famous fossil from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. OH 5 was discovered by Mary Leakey in 1959 and originally classified as Zinjanthropus boisei by L. Leakey in Nature later that year. The accepted genus name has since changed to Australopithecus, this fossil is also know by the genus name Paranthropus. This discovery spurred paleoanthropology toward a modern, multidisciplinary approach, and focused paleoanthropologists' attention on East Africa. Unique in hominid evolution, A. boisei's massive skull features a wide, concave face, enormous, flat molars (about 4 times as big as modern H. sapiens) and cranial adaptations for powerful chewing, hence its nickname, Nutcracker Man. Note the sagittal crest and extremely large area for muscle attachments on the zygomatic arch. The thick jaw allowed for the species' exceptional chewing capabilities. Cranial capacity of this individual is 530 cc.

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The Australopithecus boisei skull, is the most famous fossil from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. OH 5 was discovered by Mary Leakey in 1959 and originally classified as Zinjanthropus boisei by L. Leakey in Nature later that year. The accepted genus name has since changed to Australopithecus, this fossil is also know by the genus name Paranthropus.

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Especie:  Homo habilis
Años: 1,9 - 1,6 millones
Abertura ocular cuadrada/ reducción de caninos y dientes en forma de y más redondeada.

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Homo habilis cranium (Sawyer-Deak) - Homo habilis Cranium (Sawyer-Deak) - 3D model by UCFanthropology (@UCFanthropology) [fd93572]

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Especie: Homo erectus
Años: 1,8 millones - 250 000
Primeros fósiles con forma post craneal contundentemente moderno. Capacidad de caminar y migrar.

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Homo erectus

Location: Dmanisi, Georgia.

Age: 1.7-2.0 million years ago.

Material: epoxy resin cast.

Notes: RLA catalog no. 2501.1rp84-1 (cast). Cranium of fossil designated Dmanisi 3. One of five skulls discovered by Abesalom Vekua and David Lordkipanidze in 2001. The small capacity of the cranium D2700 (600 cc) is similar to that of the African H. habilis specimens. Despite their small cranial capacity, characteristics of the crania and mandibles show greater similarity to early African H. erectus/ergaster than to H. habilis. Cast made by Bone Clones, Inc. From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Madelaine Azar.

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Homo erectus Location: Dmanisi, Georgia. Age: 1.7-2.0 million years ago. Material: epoxy resin cast. Notes: RLA catalog no. 2501.1rp84-1 (cast). Cranium of fossil designated Dmanisi 3. One of five skulls discovered by Abesalom Vekua and David Lordkipanidze in 2001. The small capacity of the cranium D2700 (600 cc) is similar to that of the African H.

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Especie:  Homo neanderthalensis
Años: 150 000 - 30 000
Cavidad nasal grande (asociado climas fríos) Mayor capacidad craneana.

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Homo neanderthalensis Cranium (Sawyer-Maley) - Homo neanderthalensis Cranium (Sawyer-Maley) - 3D model by UCFanthropology (@UCFanthropology) [3e5cbb1]

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Especie: Homo sapiens
Años: 110 000- actualidad