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aimed at separating the race in the south. Forbade marriage between blacks and whites, separate schools, streetcars,waiting rooms,etc.

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tax paid if african americans wanted to vote, however many of them couldn't afford to pay this tax.

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In march 1865 congress established the bureau of refugees, freedmen and abandoned lands , feed and clothed war refugees in the south, helped african-americans find jobs, provided school, and provide temporary housing.

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african americans could not be banned from voting

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granted citizenship to former slaves (1868)

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to end slavery(1865)

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The birth of jim crow, in 1892, said separated but equal however was never equal.

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rebuilding the south after the civil war, along with dealing with former confederates and newly freed slaves

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In 1862 september 22, Lincoln issued the proclamation freeing all the enslaved people in states of war.

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the abolition movement started in the early 1800s, the movement called for abolition, or immediate slavery. It helped bring the civil war.

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Was the slave in the united states who sued unsuccessfully for his freedom. His case was based on the fact that he had lived in states and territories where slavery was illegal

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The president of america during the civil war period who also abolished slavery and established 2 more amendments to the bill of rights.

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A african american slave women who escaped and participated in the underground railroad. She helped more than 200 hundred salves into freedom.

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in the mid-1800s, many americans worked to reform various aspects of society.Religious leaders organized to revive the nation's commitment to religion in a movement known as the second great awakening.

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common american idea that the nation was meant to spread to the pacific. By 1840s, several east-to-west routes had been carved- the Oregon trial, the California trial and the santa fe trial.

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the followers of Joseph Smith who founded the church of jesus christ of latter day saints.

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in 1838 and 1839, Andrew jackson removed indians from their land east of the Mississippi river and force to migrate to Oklahoma, due the devastating effects many people died in this march, so its called the trial of tears.

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monroe decided to issue a statement, declaring that the america continents should no longer be viewed as open to colonization.

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congress would be split in 2houses, one is the house of representatives and senate , voters choose who to elect  for house representative and state legislatures choose senators.

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Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution. The previous constitution, called the Articles of Confederation, gave state governments more authority.

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Along with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, James Madison penned The Federalist Papers. The supporters of the proposed Constitution called themselves "Federalists." Their adopted name implied a commitment to a loose, decentralized system of government.

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power divided between federal government and state government. Power with people.

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articles that created a lose confederation of independent states and a week government, it was a start but was too weak to be effective.

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fourth chief justice of supreme court (1801–1835). His court opinions helped lay the basis for us constitution .

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america's 4th president.declared war on Britain in 1812, signed a negotiation treaty with British to end the war

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president Thomas Jefferson purchased Louisiana in 1803 from France acquiring approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.

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supreme court  review courses/events to decide whether it is constitution or not.

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congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion

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citizens are allowed to worship their religion freely without government interference.

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the first ten amendments for the united states constitution

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Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. He was elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams and in 1800 was elected the third President.

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english philosopher who expressed the ideas of natural rights which included in the declaration of independence later. these rights include life, liberty and property.

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first person to dream of a colony in America where Catholics and Protestants could prosper together so in 1600s founded Maryland as a place of refuge for catholics.

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created by john locke who expressed the ideas that people are born with natural rights which included life,liberty and property.

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drafted by Thomas Jefferson, Franklin and John Adams,which outlines why the colonists should be free to British rule and used ideas of natural right and democracy.

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the time period that the colonies started to go against England and earn their independence

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an organization of American colonists that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government.

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a seven year war between england and american colonies, against the french and some of the indians in north america.

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created by french writer and philosopher which divide government into three branches in order to balance the power.

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an intellectual revolution from the late 1700s to early 1800s in europe and america