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Description: This is an activity that uses illustrations and text from a picture book to better visualize the story.

Advantages:
*good way to visualize the story
*students can experiment with changing the beginning, middle or end of a story
*students examine illustrations more closely

Disadvantages:
*can become expensive

Scaffold for ELL: ELL students can use storyboards to preview a story before reading. They can also use it to review the events in a story after reading. ELL students can better relay their understanding through pictures rather than words.

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Description: This is a collection of words posted in the classroom for the students' reference.

Advantages:
*can be used to display high-frequency words
*can be used to learn vocabulary terms during a given unit
*can be used in a variety of word-study activities such as making words, word ladders, and word sorts

Disadvantages:
*students may become reliant on looking at the word on the wall rather than internalizing the knowledge

Scaffold for ELL: ELL students can look at the wall for a reference. They can look at the wall and know how to correctly spell the words.

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Description: This type of reading is used to help students who cannot read on their own. The teacher will ask the students to make predictions and be actively involved in the reading process.

Advantages:
*students are actively engaged
*students enhance prediction making skills
*can be used to teach certain topics such as punctuation

Disadvantages:
*students can become distracted during class discussion

Scaffold for ELL: ELL students can learn from hearing their peer's thoughts and listening to the fluent reading of the teacher.

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Description: This is a dramatic performance of a script performed aloud by a group. It is like a mini play.

Advantages:
*students can practice voice inflections
*students practice fluent reading aloud
*students have an opportunity to read quality literature
*student can engage with the text and connect to the characters

Disadvantages:
*shy students will be uncomfortable
*struggling reading can become embarrassed

Scaffold for ELL: ELL students can practice their oral reading in a small, relaxed setting.

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Description: This is a teacher-lead activity in which students make various words out of a set of letters. For example, using the words "spider" students would make words such as is, sip, ripe, etc.

Advantages:
*teachers get immediate feedback on the students' understanding
*students can experiment with various letters
*students interest is peaked becasue this activity is usually based off of books that the students are already reading

Disadvantages:
*students may just guess until they get a word right

Scaffold for ELL: ELL students can practice spelling strategies and skills. They can collaborate with peers in a non-threatening environment. Hands-on learning is effective for ELL students.

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Description: This is a procedure that is based on children's language experiences. Students draw a picture and explain it to the teacher. The teacher writes the written words for student.

Advantages:
*students take responsibility for learning
*able to connect because it is based on the student's past experiences
*enhances a student's creativity
*used to create texts that students can read and use as a resource for writing
*students are given an opportunity to express their drawing
*builds teacher-student relationship

Disadvantages:
*teacher must be able to spend one-on-one time with each student
*teacher can dictate student's story

Scaffold of ELL: ELL students can practice their oral language when explaining to the teacher.

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Description: Teachers use this strategy to share books with students.

Advantages:
*it enhances student's comprehension by engaging them throughout the reading
*fluent reading is modeled by the teacher
*useful for teaching a literature focus unit or thematic unit

Disadvantages:
*can become confusing and ineffective if the book is interrupted too much and for too long of a time

Scaffold for ELL: ELL students can hear fluent English language from the teacher.

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Description: This is an activity that allows for students to work together to create their own book. Each student will contribute one page or work with a peer to create a section.

Advantages:
*students take responsibility for their own learning
*students share the work
*takes less time to so and is easier than independent work
*does not take as long for teachers to conference with and assist students with revising and editing
*helps students build teamwork skills

Disadvantages:
*challenging for students who do not prefer group work

Scaffold for ELL: ELL students can expand their writing skills with a peer's assistance.

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Description: This is a strategy used to orally share poems or other brief texts.

Advantages:
*struggling readers can practice oral language
*students learn to read more expressively
*students can increase their reading fluency

Disadvantages:
*struggling readers can become embarrassed

Scaffolding for ELL: ELL students can practice their oral language in a nonthreatening environment. They can hear English pronunciation, phrasing of words in a sentence, and intonation patterns from their peers.

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Description: This is a strategy that allows students to think about their answer and to share it with a classmate.

Advantages:
*allows students to discuss their ideas
*allows students to take responsibility for their learning
*allows students to be able to teach their peers

Disadvantages:
*can disrupt classroom management
*students will chat with partner rather than talking about the lesson
*one student may do all the talking while the other is not engaged

Scaffolding for ELL: ELL students can benefit from think-pair-share because they have an opportunity to speak and converse with peers.

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Description: This is a graphic organizer that is used to make strategies, concepts, or processes visual to students.

Advantages:
*allows students to visualize materials
*can be hung up in the classroom for later reference
*can be interactive with students

Disadvantages:
*not beneficial to non- visual learners
*can be confusing if not done correctly

Scaffolding for ELL: ELL students can benefit from an achor chart that has pictures and words.

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Description: This is a graphic organizer used to assess what the student Knows, Wants to know and what the student Learned.

Advantages:
* uses the Language Experience Approach to connect past experiences with new experiences
*allows students to be actively engaged in learning process and responsible for learning
*good assessment of prior knowledge
*help students focus

Disadvantages:
*can take many week to complete

Scaffolding for ELL:  ELL students can make their KWL chart using pictures and words.