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Perceptual Consultancies-Tendency to perceive objects as relatively stable and unchanging
Size Constancy-Despite distance, objects don’t change size (general idea of size)
Shape Constancy- See same shape despite angle it is viewed
Brightness & Color

Relative Height = Objects Higher in Field of Vision appear Farther  Away (Vertical Dimensions appear Longer than Horizontal Dimensions) ie. St. Louis Arch

Relative Motion (Motion Parallex) = Movement of Self Causes Stable items to Appear to Move, Nearest Object appears to Move Faster

Monocular Cues

Interposition = (1 Object Blocks View of Another so..

often referred to as Superposition

Relative Size = (Assumption that 2 Objects are Similar Size) 1 Closer has Larger Retinal Image

Relative Clarity aka. Aerial Perspective= Perception that Hazy Objects are Farther Away than Sharp Objects Texture Gradient = Coarse, Distinct Texture is Closer than Finer, Indistinct Texture

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i understand senses
gustation- different from flavor, sensory insteraction
smell+taste/texture
salty sour bitter sweet umami(meat)
skin senses- sutaneous sensations-goes to sensory cortex
kinesthese- knowing what is where
vestibule- head movement and balance
semicircular canals- dizziness/spinning
pain- determined by athletes, culture, cognitive, physiological,
gates control- pain goes through spine if opening is large= less pain small=more pain
endorphin's
touch- hot, cold, pressure
pressure on has recptors

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conductive deafness- problems of conducting sound waves.
sensorinerural hearing loss- nerve deafness
loud noises, age, or genetics
the chemical
pinna- outer ear
ear canal- sound travels
eardrum- vibrates
hammer- vibrates
stirrup- hits oval window
anvil- vibrates
oval window- liquidizes
auditory nerve
organ of corti
place theory- ability to hear different pitches due to locations
frequency theory- vibrations trigger neural impulses to brain at the same rate a sound waves
volley principal- neural cells can alternate firing and thereby achieve combined frequency for very average pitch

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i know the  difference between binocular and monocular cues
perception- how we organize and interpret information from our senses
Gentsalt= "whole" or "form"
we see things as a "whole"
sometimes what we see is not what is there
figure ground- figure against background
Proximity- grouping near by figures together
similarity- grouping similar pictures together
continuity- see smooth continuous patterns
connectedness- seeing spots,lines or areas as a single unit
Depth perception- 2 demention fall on retina perceive as 3d
visual cliff- eleanor and Richard walk- test depth perception on infants and toddlers by crawling age to see when they stop
5 types of perceptual constancy:
color: apple=red
shape: we see the same shape no matter the angle
size: despite distance object doesn't chance size,
location
brightness
Monocular- one eye- when one object blocks the view of another (superposition)
relative size: e objects are similar size
relative clarity- hazy objects are further
texture gradient: distention texture is closer than finer
relative height: higher objects appear father
relative motion- when your moving but it appears other objects are moving (on a train)
Binocular- two eyes-
linear perception- parallel lines appear to coverage in distance
shadow&light- make things appear closer or further
retinal disparity- difference between sight/views of 2 eyes
convergence= cue for perceiving depth; eyes converge inward towards objects
stereoscopic vision- combine 2 retinal images to get 3d vision
assumption- closer object gets larger
stroboscopic movement- flip book
moaural cue- louder sound means closer sound
binaural cue- stereophonic- stero: multi directional audio perspective

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i learned color theories and visual cues
transduction- impulses to retina
parallel processing- several aspects of a problem at the same time (color, form, and motion ha)
electromagnetic spectrum- one wace preal to another (light/sound)
high frequency- short wave,blue, length- high pitched sounds
low frequency- long wave, red, low pitched wave
Amplitude- tall wave length, bright colors, loud sounds
small amplitude- short wave lenght, dull colors, soft sounds
Trichormatic Theory- each cone = one of 3 colors (red, blue, green)
when you stair at 2 colors, cones become saturated, then when you look at a white piece of paper you see the opposite color.
dichromats- red/green yellow/blue
trichromats- normal vision
opponent-process theory (hering)red/green, blue/yellow, black/white. if one is stimulated the other is inhibited
surrounding context- other colors look differently with backgrounds.

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i understand the parts and path of sight.
cornia- protects
Acleouts- full of liquid to keep eye round
iris- muscle (color)
pupil- adustable opening in center iris where light continues to enter
Iris- colored part of the eye protection from damage
lends- transparent part of the eye inside the pupil that focuses light into the retina (upside down) by changing its curvature
^Accommodation- round = flat,
^ relaxed- flat= far
retina- inner lining on the back of eyeball that contains receptor cells sensitive to light
Blind sight- responding to something not consciously perceived
Fovea- line of central focus, hold only cones=color
optic never- carries info to the  octipital lobe
optic chiasm- where never cross each other
lateral
geniculate nucleus- part in thalamus that interprets images
more rods(peripheral vision)
rods are back and white
cones are color
Bipolat sell- specialices neurins connect to rods and cones (1 axon/1 dendrite)
Ganglion Cells-  receives visual information from photoreceptors via two intermediate neuron types: bipolar cells and retina amacrinecells.

Magnocellur cell- montion
parcolcellur cell- color/what it is
hue= color
intensity= brightness

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i understand the difference between absolute subliminal and difference thresholds.
absolute threshold- minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular stimuli 50%
auditory is different
JNP- is a constant fraction or proportion of original stimulus
bring colors need to have even brighter difference to be able to notice a difference
food: "you eat with your eyes" - gastronomy =analyze foods and how to compare, texture, color, pairing, presentation, visual appearance.
Subliminal threshold- under 50% below someones absolute threshold.
Signal detention-
Hit: see someone you know and you did
Miss: not seeing directions on a test
False alarm: you think you see someone you know but your wrong
false negative: looking over something

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i understand the difference between bottom-up and top-down processes of sensation and perception.
Perception- judgement
folk, soak, croak: priming
sensory adaptation-getting use to a smell, (adapt to senses)
Figure ground- what you see
sensation-(bottem up)what you see
perception:(Top-Down) brain's interpretation of it
Video ?'s:
1)top down
2)bottom up
3) context changes how you perceive
top down: cambridge(jubbled words)
bottem up: orange+cup=orance juice
Inattention blindness- when your focus on something your blind to other things
change blindness- environment shifts