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La loi s’applique à toutes les religions, pas seulement au catholicisme dominant en Irlande. Elle définit ainsi le blasphème :

« Des propos grossièrement abusifs ou insultants sur des éléments considérés comme sacrés par une religion, et choquant ainsi un nombre substantiel de fidèles de cette religion. »

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En Irlande, critiquer une religion pourra désormais être puni d’une amende de 25 000 euros. Citations à l’appui, les athées mettent la justice au défi de sanctionner les plus grands blasphémateurs de l’histoire, Jésus en tête.

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La Convention constitutionnelle irlandaise a voté le 3 novembre 2013 en faveur d’une substitution à l’infraction de « blasphème » contenue dans la Constitution par une infraction d’incitation à la haine religieuse.

Formellement, à la question de savoir si le délit de blasphème contenu dans la Constitution devait être maintenu tel qu’il est, 61 % délégués ont voté non. Puis, 53% des délégués ont voté en faveur du remplacement de la disposition sur le blasphème par une disposition générale incluant l’incitation à la haine religieuse. De ce que l’on comprend, cette question était dans le débat public spécialement depuis une loi sur la diffamation de 2009 qui édictait des sanctions pénales pour violation de l’article 40.6.1 de la Constitution irlandaise.

La Convention constitutionnelle irlandaise est une assemblée spécialement créée par une résolution du Parlement irlandais (l’Oireachtas) en 2012 et chargée d’examiner et de délibérer sur un certain nombre de questions susceptibles de justifier des révisions constitutionnelles.

Le concept de "blasphème" est l’un des plus piégés qui existe, pour toutes sortes de raisons (LDF).

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D'après le recensement de 2011, 84,2 % des habitants se déclarent catholiques et 6,1 % n'ont pas de religion. Les 9,7 % restants sont protestants, musulmans, etc25.

L'Irlande est le pays occidental possédant la plus forte pratique religieuse (entre 35 et 50% de pratiquants réguliers), même si ce taux a sensiblement baissé depuis vingt ans (près de 90% de pratiquants jusque dans les années 1980). La religion catholique occupe de fait un rôle prédominant dans la culture et l'identité irlandaise, celle-ci ayant été utilisée pour se démarquer du Royaume-Uni.

L'Église catholique a longtemps conservé une influence sur les questions de société, comme pour le divorce, légalisé en 1995, ou pour l'avortement, interdit dans tous les cas jusqu'en 2013, et depuis légalisé uniquement en cas de danger pour la mère de l'enfant. Les femmes qui ont subi un viol et qui sont tombées enceintes n'ont, elles non plus, pas le droit d'avorter26.

En vue du référendum de 2015 sur le mariage homosexuel en Irlande, l’Église catholique mène une campagne pour le « non ». Le « oui » l'emporte finalement avec plus de 62 % des voix.

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It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

My guest, John Fea, professor of history at Messiah College notes that he, too, is always queried about this obscure 1796 document, Article 11 of which stipulates, "As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion..." Which is interesting because he often engages the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as Christian.

If you want to know what the Treaty of Tripoli is and why we should be so cautious when interpreting those cryptic 16 words of the religion clauses of the First Amendment, then listen to Professor Fea's rich and detailed reflections on our foundational documents.

Along the way, all sorts of intriguing happenings occur. Professor Fea chuckles at my inveterate Yankee-ness for not understanding the significance that the Constitution of the Confederate States of America still maintains in the South. For my part, I heard myself saying that I wanted to destigmatize the word "secularism," if only so that scholars who have no animus toward it could one day re-stigmatize it.

We watch a video clip from Senator John F. Kennedy's 1960 address in which he thundered, "I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute." We juxtapose it with President Obama's authors like Professor Fea.

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Is America A Christian Or Secular Nation?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

My guest, John Fea, professor of history at Messiah College notes that he, too, is always queried about this obscure 1796 document, Article 11 of which stipulates, "As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion..." Which is interesting because he often engages the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as Christian.

If you want to know what the Treaty of Tripoli is and why we should be so cautious when interpreting those cryptic 16 words of the religion clauses of the First Amendment, then listen to Professor Fea's rich and detailed reflections on our foundational documents.

Along the way, all sorts of intriguing happenings occur. Professor Fea chuckles at my inveterate Yankee-ness for not understanding the significance that the Constitution of the Confederate States of America still maintains in the South. For my part, I heard myself saying that I wanted to destigmatize the word "secularism," if only so that scholars who have no animus toward it could one day re-stigmatize it.

We watch a video clip from Senator John F. Kennedy's 1960 address in which he thundered, "I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute." We juxtapose it with President Obama's authors like Professor Fea.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Is America A Christian Or Secular Nation?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

My guest, John Fea, professor of history at Messiah College notes that he, too, is always queried about this obscure 1796 document, Article 11 of which stipulates, "As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion..." Which is interesting because he often engages the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as Christian.

If you want to know what the Treaty of Tripoli is and why we should be so cautious when interpreting those cryptic 16 words of the religion clauses of the First Amendment, then listen to Professor Fea's rich and detailed reflections on our foundational documents.

Along the way, all sorts of intriguing happenings occur. Professor Fea chuckles at my inveterate Yankee-ness for not understanding the significance that the Constitution of the Confederate States of America still maintains in the South. For my part, I heard myself saying that I wanted to destigmatize the word "secularism," if only so that scholars who have no animus toward it could one day re-stigmatize it.

We watch a video clip from Senator John F. Kennedy's 1960 address in which he thundered, "I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute." We juxtapose it with President Obama's authors like Professor Fea.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Is America A Christian Or Secular Nation?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

My guest, John Fea, professor of history at Messiah College notes that he, too, is always queried about this obscure 1796 document, Article 11 of which stipulates, "As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion..." Which is interesting because he often engages the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as Christian.

If you want to know what the Treaty of Tripoli is and why we should be so cautious when interpreting those cryptic 16 words of the religion clauses of the First Amendment, then listen to Professor Fea's rich and detailed reflections on our foundational documents.

Along the way, all sorts of intriguing happenings occur. Professor Fea chuckles at my inveterate Yankee-ness for not understanding the significance that the Constitution of the Confederate States of America still maintains in the South. For my part, I heard myself saying that I wanted to destigmatize the word "secularism," if only so that scholars who have no animus toward it could one day re-stigmatize it.

We watch a video clip from Senator John F. Kennedy's 1960 address in which he thundered, "I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute." We juxtapose it with President Obama's authors like Professor Fea.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Is America A Christian Or Secular Nation?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

My guest, John Fea, professor of history at Messiah College notes that he, too, is always queried about this obscure 1796 document, Article 11 of which stipulates, "As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion..." Which is interesting because he often engages the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as Christian.

If you want to know what the Treaty of Tripoli is and why we should be so cautious when interpreting those cryptic 16 words of the religion clauses of the First Amendment, then listen to Professor Fea's rich and detailed reflections on our foundational documents.

Along the way, all sorts of intriguing happenings occur. Professor Fea chuckles at my inveterate Yankee-ness for not understanding the significance that the Constitution of the Confederate States of America still maintains in the South. For my part, I heard myself saying that I wanted to destigmatize the word "secularism," if only so that scholars who have no animus toward it could one day re-stigmatize it.

We watch a video clip from Senator John F. Kennedy's 1960 address in which he thundered, "I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute." We juxtapose it with President Obama's authors like Professor Fea.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Is America A Christian Or Secular Nation?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

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https://www.acatfrance.fr/public/fiche-torture-chine-40216.pdf

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https://www.osar.ch/assets/herkunftslaender/asien-pazifik/china-tibet/chine-situation-des-minorites-ethniques-et-religieuses.pdf

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https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/posts/elizabeth-zehe-on-secularism-in-china

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chine rapports entre la politique en chine et les religions

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chine rapports entre la politique en chine et les religions

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https://assr.revues.org/17613

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http://www2.cnrs.fr/presse/thema/450.htm

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

My guest, John Fea, professor of history at Messiah College notes that he, too, is always queried about this obscure 1796 document, Article 11 of which stipulates, "As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion..." Which is interesting because he often engages the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as Christian.

If you want to know what the Treaty of Tripoli is and why we should be so cautious when interpreting those cryptic 16 words of the religion clauses of the First Amendment, then listen to Professor Fea's rich and detailed reflections on our foundational documents.

Along the way, all sorts of intriguing happenings occur. Professor Fea chuckles at my inveterate Yankee-ness for not understanding the significance that the Constitution of the Confederate States of America still maintains in the South. For my part, I heard myself saying that I wanted to destigmatize the word "secularism," if only so that scholars who have no animus toward it could one day re-stigmatize it.

We watch a video clip from Senator John F. Kennedy's 1960 address in which he thundered, "I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute." We juxtapose it with President Obama's authors like Professor Fea.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Is America A Christian Or Secular Nation?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It never fails. It happens every time I am lecturing or doing a radio interview about American secularism and the exceedingly complex question of whether our Constitution defines our nation as secular. Like clockwork, somebody calls in and asks me about the Treaty of Tripoli.

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http://www.lemondedesreligions.fr/savoir/quelle-laicite-pour-l-europe-15-04-2014-3816_110.php

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http://www.thucydide.com/realisations/comprendre/laicite/mexique.htm

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http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3hc7i2

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Le principe de laïcité est au fondement du système éducatif français depuis la fin du XIXe siècle. L'importance de la laïcité dans les valeurs scolaires républicaines a été accentuée par la loi du 9 décembre 1905 instaurant la laïcité de l'État.

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La devise des Etats-Unis, «In god we trust», reflète la pensée religieuse de ce pays.

Même s’il existe une laïcité officielle, la religion a aujourd’hui une place importante dans la vie américaine. On parle de sécularisme, car les Américains acceptent toutes les religions dans l’espace public.
Ainsi, les présidents prêtent serment sur la Bible, et finissent leurs discours par «God bless America ». Les enfants jurent fidélité à leur pays, couvert par « l’autorité de Dieu » lors du serment du drapeau, et sur les dollars est écrit «In god we trust ».

http://villavoice.fr/la-notion-de-laicite-aux-etats-unis/