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the writers attitude toward the character, subject, and audience of a story

example: using an exclamation oint gives the character the tone of being excited

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an insight about human life that is revealed ina literary work. It is rarely staed by the author and it requires the reader to make inferences based on clues that are given during the text.

example: the theme of love in Romeo and Juliet

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the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences.

example: this sentence youre reading right now and how the words are put together so that people understand it

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a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal ahidden meaning, typically a moral or a political one

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a recurring subject, theme, idea etc. that is related to the theme. Usually found in literary, artistic or musical work.

example: Dream On by Aerosmith uses the motif of coming of age shown in some lyrics

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an original model of a person, a perfect examle, or a prototype upon which others are copied; a universally recognized symbol

example: a hero in a story

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a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and stands for something more than itself

example: dove- symbol of peace

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when the writer gives human characteristics to animals or inanimate objects to create imagery

example: The sun smilied at the happy couple on the beach

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a statement that appears self-contradictory, yet reveals a kind of truth. Shows the complexities of life

example: Your enemy's friend is your enemy

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the climate or feeling of literary work. Reflects the emotional response of the reader to the writing

example: the mood of the logo Disneyland: The happiest place on earth is meant to leave the ready happy.

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a figure of speech that suggests a non-literal similarity; makes an analogy between two things to show how one resembles the other in some way

a. simile : is a type of metaphor in which the comparison is made with the use of the word like or as

example: this assignment was a breeze (metaphor)

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- incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs

a. dramatic irony: irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play

b. situational irony: irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected

c.verbal irony: irony in which a person says or writes one thing and means another, or uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of the literal meaning

example: A plumber spends all day working on leaky faucets and comes home to find a pipe has burst in his home.

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descriptive language that can fuction as a way for the reader to better imagine the world of the piece of literature

example: the imagery of light and darkness repeated many times in Romeo and Juliet

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a character who serves as a direct contrast to another character as a device to emphasize the qualities of the main character.

example: Mercutio and Romeo are foil characters because they are complete opposites.

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the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing

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the literal meaning (dictionary definition) of a word.

example: house: a building for human habitation, especially one that is lived in by a family or small group of people.

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an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its actual definition

example:  pushy and nosy both have negative connotations

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the act of describing the character or qualities of someone or something
- direct characterization: the writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells what the character is like. This information must come directly from the writer or narrator (can't be inferred)

- indirect characterization:
the writer reveals a character's traits through dialogue, the character's actions and thoughts, appearence, and the effect the character has on others

example: (direct characterization) The girl was shy and was very quiet in class

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a reference to a statement, person, place, event, or thing that is known from, literature, history, religion, myth, politics, sports, science, or pop culture.

example:
"Your backyard is a garden of Eden."

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-  aims to make an animal or object behave and appear like they are human beings. Similar to personification, but its focus is not imagery

example:  In Beauty and the Best, clogsworth, the clock, was acting like a human being.