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W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.

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https://www.teaching-materials.org/htmlcss-1day/

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https://codebuddies.org/

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https://www.freecodecamp.org/

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https://www.ncwit.org/resources/pair-programming-box-power-collaborative-learning

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Developers do their best work when they're inspired and empowered, as we discussed recently in this post. That means equipping your developers with the tools and resources they need to be more efficient, blending agility with accuracy to build better products, faster. There are several tactics for achieving these goals, many of which work well in tandem. Application performance monitoring, for instance, helps you take a proactive approach to monitoring rather than responding to issues only after they've reached your users. Another method for boosting efficiency is pair programming, Let's take a look at pair programming advantages, concept, and challenges of pair programming.

Definition of Pair Programming

As the name implies, pair programming is where two developers work using only one machine. Each one has a keyboard and a mouse. One programmer acts as the driver who codes while the other will serve as the observer who will check the code being written, proofread and spell check it, while also figuring out where to go next. These roles can be switched at any time: the driver will then become the observer and vice versa.

It's also commonly called "pairing," "programming in pairs," and "paired programming."

Pair Programming Advantages

There are several compelling reasons you should consider this strategy:

Two heads are better than one. If the driver encounters a hitch with the code, there will be two of them who'll solve the problem.

More efficient. Common thinking is that it slows down the project completion time because you are effectively putting two programmers to develop a single program, instead of having them work independently on two different programs. But studies have shown that two programmers working on the same program are only 15% slower than when these programmers work independently, rather than the presupposed 50% slow down.

Fewer coding mistakes. Because there is another programmer looking over your work, it results in better code. In fact, an earlier study shows that it results in 15% fewer bugs than code written by solo programmers. Plus, it allows the driver to remain focus on the code being written while the other attends to external matters or interruption.

An effective way to share knowledge. Code Fellows talks about how it could help programmers learn from their peers in this blog post. It would allow programmers to get instant face-to-face instruction, which is much better than online tutorials and faster than looking for resources on the Internet. Plus, you can learn things better from your partner, especially in areas that may be unfamiliar to you. Developers can also pick up best practices and better techniques from more advanced programmers. It can also facilitate mentoring relationships between two programmers.

Develops your staff's interpersonal skills. Collaborating on a single project helps your team to appreciate the value of communication and teamwork.

In sum, it helps your programmers learn from each other while coming up with programs and applications with better code quality and fewer bugs.

Alistair Cockburn of Humans and Technology and Laurie Williams of the University of Utah - Computer Science Department have come up with a bullet list of benefits:

Fewer mistakes are introduced into your code because a lot of errors are caught as they are being typed. This level of continuous code reviews gives rise to fewer bugs in your code.

You have shorter and tighter code.

Two people can solve the problems that crop up along the way faster and quicker.

Your developers learn more about things that are specific to the applications that they are working on as well as software development in general, best practices, and other areas.

You have more people who know how the new program works. This means that if one of the pair leaves the company, it will not kill the project.

Your team develops better interpersonal and social skills. Team members can learn to communicate with each other, work together, and share information.

Your team members are more satisfied.

Why is Programming in Pairs Better than Code Reviews?

Code reviews are a process wherein another programmer takes a look at your code to find something that needs improvement or find defects in it. It combines testing with quality control to ensure that everything in your code is good. This helps you ensure that your code is improved.

However, it is challenging to find somebody to review your code because people may not want to look at another's code and understand their reasoning just for the sake of checking its quality. Most of the time, code reviews happen when somebody else tries to add some functionality to your code, or fixes bugs. But by then, you, as the original programmer, might not even be around to appreciate the code review.

With pairing, it is like having somebody review your code instantly and regularly. It is a higher form of code reviews. Two people have to be there and understand the program being written. And if one sees problems with the other's code, then it can be instantly corrected. You also have fewer chances of having bugs written into your code. Code reviews are not as proactive as you have to wait until the code is completed - bugs and all - before somebody could take a look at and correct it.

Challenges of Pairing

The common problems observed when it comes to pair programming include the following:

The pair should be equally engaged and be participative for the duration of the task. Otherwise, there would be no benefits.

People who have not tried it may think that it will double the cost because you are putting two programmers on one project. However, this is a misconception that needs to be clarified. On top of the fact that pairing, done right, will only result in 15% slowdowns in terms of the individual output, it actually speeds up the coding process and ensures better quality code, which lessens the chances that the program would have to be redone.

Pair programming should also be a programming out loud process, where the pair is verbally detailing what it is doing.

It's not something that you can force your team to do. It's highly social and interactive, so you should be able to detect pairs that may have problems with each other, such as clashing personalities or even problems with personal hygiene.

How to Effectively Pair Your Programmers

The best way to approach pairing is to partner two programmers and have them share a computer. Make them work together to architect, code and then test their codes in a genuine sense of a partnership. While the ideal setup would include two programmers who are equally skilled (expert - expert or novice - novice), you can also use pair programming for training and educational purposes (expert - novice).

The pair should be able to decide how to split the work, and it is advisable that they should switch roles often.

Additional Resources and Tutorials

For further reading on pair programming, including helpful tutorials, visit the following resources:

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What is Pair Programming? Advantages, Challenges, Tutorials & More

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Developers do their best work when they're inspired and empowered, as we discussed recently in this post. That means equipping your developers with the tools and resources they need to be more efficient, blending agility with accuracy to build better products, faster. There are several tactics for achieving these goals, many of which work well in tandem.

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https://trinket.io/html

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https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/introduction-to-web-development?utm_source=RakutenMarketing&utm_medium=Affiliate&utm_campaign=2126220:adgoal.net&utm_content=10:1&utm_term=UKNetwork&ranMID=42801&ranEAID=a1LgFw09t88&ranSiteID=a1LgFw09t88-3iPLN1_k7_ziwFfwdbJ_2w

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Overview

You will learn how to assess the credibility of sources.

Credible Sources

When you read, you should make sure that what you are reading comes from a credible source. Credible sources are trustworthy, meaning you know that what you are reading is true.

Why Should You Use Credible Sources?

No matter what kind of information you're looking for, you should always look for credible sources. You want to make sure that you are getting the most accurate and reputable information available.
In other words, you need to make sure that what you are reading is factual and correct!
Is It Credible?

To figure out if a source is credible, you can ask a few simple questions about the text and where it came from. If you have trouble finding the answers to these questions, it may be a sign that your source isn't credible. You can ask:

Who is the author of the source?

Where was the source published?

What information does the source include and what does it look like?

When was the source published or updated?

Why did the author create the source?

Who is the author?

"Who is the author of the source?" is one of the most important questions to ask when assessing credibility.

When looking at the author of the source, you should make sure it is someone who is an expert in the topic.

You can check this by looking to see if the author:

is respected in the field

has degrees related to the topic

has published other books/articles on the topic

You may need to do some research outside of the source in order to find this information.

Where Was It Published?

The publisher is also important to keep in mind when you assess credibility. Some publishers have better reputations than others, because they have strict standards for what they put out.

When looking at the publisher, you should check that it is:

A well-respected organization (University presses are often credible)

Selective with what they publish

Some publishers, like Wikipedia, will let anyone share information. You need to be more careful with these sources.

What Information Does the Source Include?

As a critical reader, you need to evaluate the actual information in the source. If the source doesn't make sense, doesn't include enough information, has spelling errors, or doesn't seem correct, this is probably not a credible source of information.

When Was the Source Created?

When assessing credibility, you want to make sure that your sources are up-to-date. Research changes constantly, and we're always learning new things about the world.

Make sure that the sources you use were created or updated recently, so you can be sure the information is accurate.

Why Was the Source Created?

Understanding the author's purpose tells you a lot about a source's credibility.

If the source was written to persuade or convince readers of something, you need to be careful! These sources may be biased, or leave out important information. If you think this is the case, you'll need to double check with more sources to make sure the information is accurate.

Evaluating Source Credibility Example

We often research to find information about making healthy choices. But, how do we know that the information we're reading is coming from experts?

One topic that people are concerned about are GMOs, or genetically modified foods. We're not really sure what effects these foods have on us. Let's check out the website, FactsAboutGMOs.org to see if it is a credible source of information.

As you skim the website, ask yourself the following questions to see if the source is credible:

Who is the author of the source?

Where was the source published?

What information does the source include and what does the source look like?

When was the source published or updated?

Why did the author create the source?

Who Are The Author and Publisher?

There is no specific author mentioned on this website. That could be okay if it comes from a reputable publisher, though.

If you scroll all the way down to the bottom of the page, you'll see the line, "A Project of The Grocery Manufacturers Association."

Some quick research tells me that this is an association that supports big food companies - companies that sell foods with genetically modified ingredients. This is a BIG ALERT. The information on this site may be influenced by these companies.

If your source has no author but does have a reputable publisher, this guide on citing a website with no author can help you create that type of citation in MLA, APA, or Chicago style.

What Information Does the Source Include?

There are a lot of links to studies and other sources on this website. This is a good sign.

However, when you look at the type of information and the kinds of studies, you can only find information about how GMOs are safe and good for the world. This website clearly only represents one point of view.

When Was This Source Created?

There is no date on this website, so it is hard to tell how recently it was created. However, if you click the links, you can see that the most current information is from a few years ago. So this website is not current. Although the information is not entirely out-of-date since it was within in the last 5 years, there is probably more recent information available elsewhere.

Why Was the Source Created?

At first glance, this source looks like it was created to present people with facts about GMOs. However, remember that:

1. The people behind it want us to buy GMO foods

2. Only one point of view is represented

These facts lead you to believe that this website was created to persuade. We'll have to be careful and double check the information with less biased sources!

Is it Credible?

You'll have to be careful if you use information from this website to form your final opinion.

There are some credible studies linked and a lot of recent information, but the publisher, purpose, and one-sided information are big red flags.

Conclusion

You learned:

How to ask questions about a source in order to determine credibility

How do I know if a website source is credible?

Many factors determine whether a given website source is credible or not. A few key features that you need to consider are given below:
Origin of the website
Check if the website is created by a trustworthy organization or author. You can identify the author from the URL or from the copyright information.

Check if the author is related to the topic or field that he or she is talking about.

Check if the content is bias-free and does not promote any product or idea.
Correctness
Validate the accuracy of the information stated against other reliable sources.

Check if there are any disclaimers.
Date the content was published or updated
For topics that evolve continuously, you need to have updated information. Therefore, see the uploaded date, revised date, or updated date to identify if the source is the most recent one.

For some topics, like those that are historical in nature, older resources can still be valid.
Thoroughness
Check if the website provides all the information you need.

Verify that it covers the subject matter in detail.

Examine if it provides examples.

What are examples of credible sources?

Many factors determine whether a given source is credible or not. If a source meets any of the following criteria, then it is considered credible.
Well-known authors
If an author of a source is well known in his or her field, you can consider the source credible. You can trust the source.
Databases
Databases that store research articles can be considered credible, as they store scholarly articles. There are many such online databases. You can access them to get relevant information. A few examples of trustworthy online databases are listed below:

PubMed

JSTOR

ERIC

Scopus
Government sites
You will get authentic information from government websites. Websites ending with ".gov" and ".edu" are usually reliable sources. Some examples of credible websites are given below:

Science.gov

US Census Bureau

The National Bureau of Economic Research

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You will learn how to assess the credibility of sources. When you read, you should make sure that what you are reading comes from a credible source. Credible sources are trustworthy, meaning you know that what you are reading is true. No matter what kind of information you're looking for, you should always look for credible sources.

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https://www.csteachingtips.org/taxonomy/term/575?page=1

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https://htmlcheatsheet.com/