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Wildlife And Pollution: Wildlife has benefited from the preservation of land, as since then teams working at the National Parks have begun to re-introduce animals such as Wolves, Bison, and antelopes. As America has done some good to benefit the world with these parks, and benefit species, America has also had to work on pollution as 98 percent of National Parks have air pollution which could affect animals, water, and people.

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Education- In 1916  Robert Sterling Yard, a promoter of parks and of the need for a National Park Service, became the chief of the Educational Division. Realizing that a budget for the expansive educational goals he envisioned for the National Park Service would not happen and that the obligations of building parks would leave little time for developing the educational agenda. Yard reached outside the Service to create the National Parks Educational Committee. The National Parks Educational Committee promoted the interpretation of the scientific resources of the parks, encourage school groups to be brought to the parks, provide educational materials to schools, and to encourage the general development and distribution of information regarding the national parks.
Yellowstone- Manifest destiny led many to go out west in the search of a new, during this time the stories of the west wilds were being told. Yellowstone, the First national park, first came to light after an exception. The explores brought back pictures and grand paintings of Yellowstone, thrilling the Americans. In 1872 congress passed the Yellowstone National Park protection act, this act, due to the large land it provided,  broke the established policy of transferring public lands in the West to private ownership.

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Controversies- National Parks were opposed by ranchers, farmers, resource, extractors, and small government conservatives because they thought the land and resources should be used and mined. Parks were also controversial because they were seen as only being for the elitist. Since most national parks were being developed in the west poor farmers in the east could not afford to travel across the country to see the national parks. Shortly after Yellowstone’s establishment, one congressman decried it as an “imperial park”. Many people saw the national parks as only being for a few wealthy people.
The Hetch Hetchy Debate- The Hetch Hetchy valley was a valley in Yosemite protected under the national government with gorgeous wildlife encased inside. There was a debate between 1908 and 1903 where congress debated whether to turn it into a water reservoir and a resource to the citizens or to keep it as is and preserve the wildlife. Many environmentalists argued over this debate, Muir and Pinchot being some of them. In the end they paved over the valley though there were less damaging sites to place the water reservoir.

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Teddy Roosevelt- Nicknames "the conservation president" Teddy Roosevelt had a lasting effect on the National Parks System during, and well after his 2 term presidency. He signed legislation which established 5 new national parks in Oregon, North Dakota, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and Colorado. He also enacted the Antiquities Act of 1908, which gave himself and any following president the authority to declare historic landmarks, historic or prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest in federal ownership as national monuments.
John Dewey- As a philosopher, social reformer, and educator, Dewey had many ideas he thought could better the country and the people within it. One of the ideas was his education theory. He said that instead of being taught in a classroom run by authoritarianism, students should be invested in what they learn and should be taught a curriculum that is practical to their every day lives. He thought the best way for reform was through democracy, but others argued that would take away the teacher's authority and schools would turn into chaos.
John Muir- known as the father of the national parks, and the founder of conservationism, an advocate for the preservation of wilderness in the US. Muir created Yosemite national park through the Sierra club which increased awareness about the potential destruction of the country’s wilderness. He was one of the original people to draw up the boundary lines for the park. He even has a little log cabin there that is unmarked. As well as a life-size bronze statue of himself in the Yosemite visitor center. He also made sequoia national park.
Gifford Pinchot- known as the father of forestry, and the first chief of the US forest service, pinchot tripled the nation’s forest reserves, protecting the forest’s long term health, conservation, and recreational use. Roosevelt created this role and appointed Pinchot as he was the obvious choice. He served in this role for 5 years under Roosevelt and then under Taft. Being a more practical person in the movement, Pinchot often clashed with others including John Muir over the issue of the Hetch Hetchy valley. He wanted to use it to provide resources to citizens and turn it into a water reservoir, though Muir wanted to keep it as it is in Yosemite.

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National Park System- As manifest destiny started to lead more out west the want for this land increased. Many started to worry that theses lands where not being preserved and urged the government to do something about this. It was established in 1916 by an act of the U.S Congress that was signed into law by U.S. Pres. Woodrow Wilson. The law said to  “conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife therein and…leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.”
Why National Parks were necessary: With creating the United States Forest Service, President Roosevelt helped preserve forests and wildlife, while bettering the world with saving nature. National Parks preserve natural materials like hydraulic power, minerals, land, and timber, but the National Parks don't only benefit us by keeping our planet healthy they also attract around 318 million visitors every year, helping provide jobs and help support surrounding communities.

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https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/trandthenpsystem.htm

https://www.nps.gov/thro/learn/historyculture/theodore-roosevelt-and-conservation.htm
https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/resedu/education.htm

https://www.advnture.com/features/why-are-national-parks-important

https://www.history.com/topics/us-government/national-park-

https://www.nationalparks.org/our-work/landscape-wildlife-conservationhttps://daily.jstor.org/who-doesnt-like-national-parks/

https://www.npca.org/articles/2166-parks-group-s-report-finds-96-percent-of-national-parks-are-plagued-by-air

https://www.pbs.org/onlyateacher/john.html#:~:text=Dewey%20argued%20that%20curriculum%20should,basic%20academic%20skills%20and%20knowledge.

https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/trandthenpsystem.htm

https://www.nps.gov/articles/gifford-pinchot.htm#:~:text=Gifford%20Pinhot%20was%20an%20important,both%20conservation%20and%20recreational%20use.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/john-muirs-yosemite-10737/

https://www.archives.gov/legislative/features/hetch-hetchy#:~:text=Between%201908%20and%201913%2C%20Congress,provide%20a%20steady%20water%20supply.

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Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt, often called "the conservation president," impacted the National Park System well beyond his term in office. He doubled the number of sites within the National Park system. As President from 1901 to 1909, he signed legislation establishing five new national parks: Crater Lake, Oregon; Wind Cave, South Dakota; Sullys Hill, North Dakota (later re-designated a game preserve); Mesa Verde, Colorado; and Platt, Oklahoma (now part of Chickasaw National Recreation Area). However another Roosevelt enactment had a broader effect: the Antiquities Act of June 8, 1906. The Antiquities Act enabled President Roosevelt and succeeding Presidents to proclaim historic landmarks, historic or prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest in federal ownership as national monuments.

Roosevelt did not hesitate to take advantage of this new executive authority. By the end of 1906 he had proclaimed four national monuments: On September 24 he proclaimed Devils Tower (Wyoming). On December 8, he proclaimed El Morro (New Mexico), Montezuma Castle (Arizona), and Petrified Forest (Arizona). Additionally, he interpreted the authority expansively, protecting a large portion of the Grand Canyon (Arizona) as a national monument in 1908. By the end of his term he had reserved six predominantly cultural areas and twelve predominantly natural areas in this manner. Half of the total land area was initially administered by the Agriculture Department and was later transferred to Interior Department jurisdiction, since the National Park Service would not be created until 1916.

Later Presidents have used the Antiquities Act to declare national monuments. For example, In 2018, the President used the authority of the Antiquties Act to create Camp Nelson National Monument . Many national monuments remain, while others have been enlarged into national parks or otherwise reclassified by Congress.

Recalling his legacy, Theodore Roosevelt is now commemorated at six units of the National Park System. Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site in New York City, Sagamore Hill National Historic Site in Oyster Bay, New York, Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site in Buffalo, New York, Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota, and Theodore Roosevelt Island in Washington, DC, all trace his career and memorialize his contributions to America. Additionally, Theodore Roosevelt is one of four Presidents gracing Mount Rushmore National Memorial in South Dakota. The National Park Service is honored to administer these park sites, and the many others Roosevelt made possible during his storied career as a conservationist.

Learn more about the history of the National Park Service , or explore more stories .

Read more about Theodore's conservation with birds here.

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Theodore Roosevelt and the National Park System - Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)

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Theodore Roosevelt, often called "the conservation president," impacted the National Park System well beyond his term in office. He doubled the number of sites within the National Park system.