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Exosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Sratosphere
Trophosphere

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Atmosphere - air
Hydroshpere - water
Lithosphere - earth

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- The temperature of each sphere gets colder as you get higher.
- Air pressure decreases, air molecules spread out further/air expands, and the temperature decreases.

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food cycle - a group of food chains that indicate how different populations interact with each other in relation to the trophic levels.
food chain - indication of how different animals interact with each other in relation to the trophic levels.
population - a group or species of animals that live in the same environment.
community -

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1. absorption by roots - roots absorb phosphorus in the form of orthoposphate, but can also absorb certain forms of organic phosphorus. phosphorus moves to the root surface through diffusion
2. Food Chains - plants absorb posphate from the soil and the water, animals eat the plants, and absorb it, trophic levels.
3. decomposition - phosphorus is released by plants when they die
4. sedimentation - phosphorus absorbed by water and oceans when animals and plants die, and then they will end up in sediments of rock or rock formations again remaining there for millions of years.
5. mountain building - over millions of years become merged in sediment, which in turn begins to form mountains through movement of the tectonic plates.

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water, nitrogen and carbon cycles: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z72v4wx/test

trophic levels in an ecosystem: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zs7gw6f/test

Trophic levels: https://quizizz.com/join?gc=58707909

The carbon cycle: https://quizizz.com/join?gc=48376869

The hydrogen cycle and layers of the earth: https://quizizz.com/join?gc=03550245

The nitrogen cycle: https://quizizz.com/join?gc=46017573

The nitrogen, carbon, and water cycle https://quizizz.com/join?gc=36776997

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1. Ionisation - the ervents that provide the energy for atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen react and produce oxides of nitrogen.
2. Food Chains - the passage of nitrogen between organisms as amino acids and proteins in food.
3. Fixation - the chemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia by some micro-organisms
4. Nitrification - the oxidation of ammonium ions to nitrites then to nitrates by nitrifying bacteria in the soil.
5. denitrification - the chemical reduction of nitrates in soil to nitrogen and nitrogen oxide gases by denitrifying bacteria in the soil.
6. Leaching - the loss of soluble substances such as nitrates from the surface layers of the soil as it is carried away by water
7. Absorption by roots - as soluble ions such as nitrates and nitrites and ammonium compounds.

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The water cycle shows the continous movement of water within the Earth and atmosophere.

1. Liquid water evaporates into water vapour.
2. Water vapour condenses to form clouds.
3. sublimation snow and ice go from a solid state to water vapour
4. precipitates back to earth in the form of rain and snow
5.  transpiration takes place where water is evaporated through tiny pores or in the stomata in the leaves of plants.
6. runoff - liquid water flows across the land
7. Infiltration - when water soaks into the soil from the ground level.
8. Percolation - the movement of water through soil itself , reaching ground water, below the surface.

water in different phases moves through the atmosphere (transportation).

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1. Photosynthesis - the capture of light energy by pigments such as clorphyll nad the conversion of low energy substances such as carbon-dioxide and water into high - energy carbohydrates which can be stored if necessary, oxygen is the by-product.
2. Respiration - absorption of high energy substances such as carbohydrates to drive metabolic processes, aerobic respiration breaks down compounds and release much more energy than anaerobic respiration, as a result carbon dioxide is released as a waste product.
3. Food chains - the passage of organic compounds as food between organisms
4. Fossilisation - the incomplete decomposition of organisms, often under anaerobic conditions, leading to the deposition of fossil fuels.
5. Combustion - the release of carbon dioxide by the burning of organic substances such as wood and fossil fuels (combustion is not always man made!)
6. Decomposition the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms releasing gases such as carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions and methane under anaerobic conditions.

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LRge amount of greenhouse gas concentrations (e.g CO2, CH4, N O and CFCs 11 & 12) absorb infrared energy from the sun and re-radiates it. A small proportion of this infrared heat (or energy) leaves the atmosphere while a large percentage stays within our atmosphere, being re-radiated and trapped continuing to heat up our atmosphere.

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The Ten % rule applies as you go up in trophic levels. if you have a primary producer, 90 percent (%) of transfered energy is used by an animal to survive, keep warm, hunt and 10 percent (%) is taken in by the primary consumer.

THE TROPHIC LEVELS
1. Quaternary consumer
2. Tertiary consumer
3. Secondary consumer
4. Primary consumers
5. Primary producers

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- natural; water vapour (natural greenhouse gas)  absorbs the sun's energy and reradiates it. A majority of this light energy is absorbed by the earth and the atmosphere but a small percentage of it is sent back out into space. This leaves a decent amount of heat within the atmosphere but not a significant amount.