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Learn all about the different moons of our solar system!

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Moons come in many shapes, sizes, and types. A few have atmospheres and even hidden oceans beneath their surfaces.

How Many Moons Are in Our Solar System?

Naturally-formed bodies that orbit planets are called moons, or planetary satellites. The best-known planetary satellite is, of course, Earth's Moon. Since it was named before we learned about other planetary satellites, it is called simply "Moon."

According to the NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics team, the current tally of moons orbiting planets in our solar system is 293: One moon for Earth; two for Mars; 95 at Jupiter; 146 at Saturn; 28 at Uranus; 16 at Neptune; and five for dwarf planet Pluto.

Astronomers also have documented more than 470 satellites, or moons, orbiting smaller objects, such as asteroids, dwarf planets, or Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) beyond the orbit of Neptune. These moons are called s mall-body satellites.

Most planetary moons probably formed from the discs of gas and dust circulating around planets in the early solar system, though some are captured objects that formed elsewhere and fell into orbit around larger worlds.

Scientists are very good at spotting tiny moons orbiting distant, giant planets. So many tiny moons have been found that the International Astronomical Union, which governs official names of planets and moons, will no longer name the smallest moons unless they're of "significant" scientific interest. There are likely thousands more moons awaiting discovery in our solar system.

Moons in Our Solar System Stories

Moons in our Solar System

NASA - Pluto and Its Moons: Charon, Nix and Hydra

A pair of small moons orbiting Pluto, which were discovered by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope

Discovered in 2005, the two moons are roughly 5,000 times fainter than Pluto and are about two to three times farther from Pluto than its large moon, Charon, which was discovered in 1978.
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Hubble Discovers a Fifth Moon Orbiting Pluto

A team of astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope is reporting the discovery of another moon orbiting the icy dwarf planet Pluto.

The moon is estimated to be irregular in shape and 6 to 15 miles across. It is in a 58,000-mile-diameter circular orbit around Pluto that is assumed to be co-planar with the other satellites in the system.
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If you lived on one of Pluto's moons, you might have a hard time determining when, or from which direction,...
Read the Story

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How Many Moons Are in Our Solar System? Naturally-formed bodies that orbit planets are called moons, or planetary satellites. The best-known planetary satellite is, of course, Earth's Moon. Since it was named before we learned about other planetary satellites, it is called simply "Moon." According to the NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics team, the current tally [...]

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Lean all about Neptune!

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Planet Neptune Overview Dark, cold and whipped by supersonic winds, giant Neptune is the eighth and most distant major planet orbiting our Sun. More than 30 times as far from the Sun as Earth, Neptune is not visible to the naked eye. In 2011, Neptune completed its first 165-year orbit since its discovery.

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Lean all about Uranus!

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Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun, and has the third-largest diameter in our solar system. It was the first planet found with the aid of a telescope, Uranus was discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel, although he originally thought it was either a comet or a star.

It was two years later that the object was universally accepted as a new planet, in part because of observations by astronomer Johann Elert Bode. Herschel tried unsuccessfully to name his discovery Georgium Sidus after King George III. Instead, the scientific community accepted Bode's suggestion to name it Uranus, the Greek god of the sky, as suggested by Bode.​

Go Farther

Everything you need to know about Uranus.

Uranus In Depth

Ten Things to Know About Uranus
Pop Culture

Uranus is the source of more than a few jokes and witty (and not so witty) puns, but the ice giant and its moons has been a serious destination various fictional stories, and on TV shows such as "Doctor Who." The radioactive element uranium was named after Uranus when it was discovered in 1789, just eight years after the planet was discovered.

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The seventh planet from the sun with the third largest diameter in our solar system, Uranus is very cold and windy.

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Learn all about Saturn!

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Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in our solar system. Adorned with a dazzling system of icy rings, Saturn is unique among the planets.

It is not the only planet to have rings, but none are as spectacular or as complex as Saturn's. Like fellow gas giant Jupiter, Saturn is a massive ball made mostly of hydrogen and helium.

The farthest planet from Earth discovered by the unaided human eye, Saturn has been known since ancient times. The planet is named for the Roman god of agriculture and wealth, who was also the father of Jupiter.

Perhaps the most iconic of all the planets in our solar system, Saturn is heavily present in pop culture.

It provides a backdrop for numerous science fiction stories, movies, and TV shows, comics, and video games, including the "Cthulhu Mythos," "WALL-E," "2001: A Space Odyssey," and "Star Trek." In Tim Burton's film "Beetlejuice," a dusty, fictional Saturn is populated by giant sandworms. And in the 2014 movie "Interstellar," the wormhole that enables the astronauts to travel to another galaxy appears near Saturn.

Saturn is also the namesake of Saturday, arguably the best day of the week.​

Discover More Topics From NASA

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Planet Saturn Overview Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in our solar system. Adorned with a dazzling system of icy rings, Saturn is unique among the planets. It is not the only planet to have rings, but none are as spectacular or as complex as Saturn's.

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Test your knowledge about the solar system with this fun quiz!

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Learn all about Jupiter!

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Jupiter is the fifth planet from our Sun and is, by far, the largest planet in the solar system - more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined.

Jupiter's stripes and swirls are actually cold, windy clouds of ammonia and water, floating in an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium. Jupiter's iconic Great Red Spot is a giant storm bigger than Earth that has raged for hundreds of years.

Jupiter is named for the king of the ancient Roman gods.​

The biggest planet in our solar system has a large presence in pop culture, including many movies, TV shows, video games, and comics. Jupiter and its moons were notable destinations in "The Expanse" series, while various Jovian moons provide settings for "Cloud Atlas," "Futurama," "Power Rangers," and "Halo," among many others. In the movie "Men in Black" when Agent J - played by Will Smith - mentions he thought one of his childhood teachers was from Venus, Agent K - played by Tommy Lee Jones - replies that she is actually from one of Jupiter's moons.

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Jupiter is the fifth planet from our Sun and is, by far, the largest planet in the solar system - more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined. Its iconic Great Red Spot is a giant storm bigger than Earth, and has raged for hundreds of years.

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Learn all about Earth!

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Earth—our home planet—is the only place we know of so far that’s inhabited by living things.

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Learn all about Mars!

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Mars is a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere.

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Learn all about the Sun!

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Overview The Sun's gravity holds the solar system together, keeping everything - from the biggest planets to the smallest particles of debris - in its orbit. The connection and interactions between the Sun and Earth drive the seasons, ocean currents, weather, climate, radiation belts and auroras.

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Watch this informative video from National Geographic about our solar system!

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Learn all about Venus!

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Venus is the second planet from the Sun and is Earth's closest planetary neighbor. It's one of the four inner, terrestrial (or rocky) planets, and it's often called Earth's twin because it's similar in size and density. These are not identical twins, however - there are radical differences between the two worlds.

Venus has a thick, toxic atmosphere filled with carbon dioxide and it's perpetually shrouded in thick, yellowish clouds of sulfuric acid that trap heat, causing a runaway greenhouse effect. It's the hottest planet in our solar system, even though Mercury is closer to the Sun. Surface temperatures on Venus are about 900 degrees Fahrenheit (475 degrees Celsius) - hot enough to melt lead. The surface is a rusty color and it's peppered with intensely crunched mountains and thousands of large volcanoes. Scientists think it's possible some volcanoes are still active.

Venus has crushing air pressure at its surface - more than 90 times that of Earth - similar to the pressure you'd encounter a mile below the ocean on Earth.

Another big difference from Earth - Venus rotates on its axis backward, compared to most of the other planets in the solar system. This means that, on Venus, the Sun rises in the west and sets in the east, opposite to what we experience on Earth. (It's not the only planet in our solar system with such an oddball rotation - Uranus spins on its side.)

Venus was the first planet to be explored by a spacecraft - NASA's Mariner 2 successfully flew by and scanned the cloud-covered world on Dec. 14, 1962. Since then, numerous spacecraft from the U.S. and other space agencies have explored Venus, including NASA's Magellan, which mapped the planet's surface with radar. Soviet spacecraft made the most successful landings on the surface of Venus to date, but they didn't survive long due to the extreme heat and crushing pressure. An American probe, one of NASA's Pioneer Venus Multiprobes, survived for about an hour after impacting the surface in 1978.

More recent Venus missions include ESA's Venus Express (which orbited from 2006 until 2016) and Japan's Akatsuki Venus Climate Orbiter (orbiting since 2016).

NASA's Parker Solar Probe has made multiple flybys of Venus. On Feb. 9, 2022, NASA announced the spacecraft had captured its f irst visible light images of the surface of Venus from space during its February 2021 flyby.

As Parker Solar Probe flew by Venus in February 2021, its WISPR instrument captured these images, strung into a video, showing the nightside surface of the planet. Credit: NASA/APL/NRL

In June 2021, three new missions to Venus were announced. NASA announced two new missions, and ESA announced one:

VERITAS: NASA's VERITAS, or Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy, will be the first NASA spacecraft to explore Venus since the 1990s. The spacecraft will launch no earlier than December 2027. It will orbit Venus, gathering data to reveal how the paths of Venus and Earth diverged, and how Venus lost its potential to be a habitable world.

DAVINCI: NASA's DAVINCI mission will launch in the late 2020s. After exploring the top of Venus's atmosphere, DAVINCI will drop a probe to the surface. On its hour-long descent, the probe will take thousands of measurements and snap up-close images of the surface. The probe may not survive the landing, but if it does, it could provide several minutes of bonus science.

EnVision: ESA has selected EnVision to make detailed observations of Venus. As a key partner in the mission, NASA is providing the Synthetic Aperture Radar, called VenSAR, to make high-resolution measurements of the planet's surface features.

Go Farther

Everything you need to know about Venus.

Venus In Depth

Ten Things to Know About Venus
Pop Culture

Because it's so bright and easy to see in the sky, Venus has played a role in popular culture since ancient times, inspiring writing and song:

It was called the most beautiful star in the sky by Homer, author of "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" - two of the oldest and most important works in Greek literature.

More recently, Venus became a popular venue for 20th-century science fiction writers, including Edgar Rice Burroughs ("Pirates of Venus," 1934); Arthur C. Clarke ("Before Eden," 1961); and C.S. Lewis ("Perelandra," 1943).

Australian author Shirley Hazzard won the 1980 National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction with her book, "The Transit of Venus," about two orphaned sisters. American author John Gray used the planet and its masculine counterpart to explain relationships in his 1992 book "Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus."

A song called "Venus" was teen idol Frankie Avalon's first No. 1 hit when it topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1959. A decade later, a different song called "Venus" by the Dutch rock band Shocking Blue topped the charts in several countries. In 1986, British pop group Bananarama had a No. 1 hit in the U.S. with their cover of the song.

More recently, Venus has been a backdrop for video games such as Transhuman Space, Battlezone, and Destiny. And in the Disney animated film "The Princess and the Frog," Ray the firefly falls in love with Venus, "the evening star," as he has mistaken it for another firefly.

Kid-Friendly Venus

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Venus is the second planet from the sun and our closest planetary neighbor.

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An overview of our solar system!

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Overview Since 1998, NASA's Solar System Exploration hub has served as a real-time, living encyclopedia of the scientific exploration of our solar system. We provide reliable, accurate, up-to-date information about the planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and everything else in our solar system and the spacecraft that explore them.

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Learn all about Mercury!

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Planet Mercury Overview Mercury-the smallest planet in our solar system and nearest to the Sun-is only slightly larger than Earth's Moon. Its surface is covered in tens of thousands of impact craters. From the surface of Mercury, the Sun would appear more than three times as large as it does when viewed from Earth, and [...]