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Positive reinforcement is not always food. You can give physical positive reinforcement such as patting and verbal positive reinforcement 

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Positive reinforcement is not always food. You can give physical positive reinforcement such as patting and verbal positive reinforcement 

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Encouraging good behaviours by rewarding the animal when those behaviours are shown.

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Encouraging good behaviours by rewarding the animal when those behaviours are shown.

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For example, positive social interaction can be used as a reward for obedience and general good behaviour.

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house training a dog to keep your house clean and teach the dog discipline this can be done by offering treats or praise.

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house training a dog to keep your house clean and teach the dog discipline this can be done by offering treats or praise.

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Kicking the horse creates an uncomfortable feeling until the horse knows how to start moving on command, the kicking will stop once the horse begins to move.

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teaching a cat to use a litter tray, every time it is used a treat can be given

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teaching a cat to use a litter tray, every time it is used a treat can be given

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Negative punishment is the act of taking something away from the dog, where the act of taking something away can change it's behaviour.

You can take away things like food or a toy.
Example: holding a dog's bowl over it's head and wait for it to sit Then as you lower the bowl, the og will start to stand up so you lift the bowl back up and start again.
After a few attempts, you will notice that the dog will stay sat down while you lower the bowl.

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1. Taking away their favourite toy.
2. Producing a treat and then taking it away.
3. Removing the animal from a pleasant situation.

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teaching a dog a new trick, when trick has been completed a treat can be given

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teaching a dog a new trick, when trick has been completed a treat can be given

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can be operant or classical as both offer rewards

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can be operant or classical as both offer rewards

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process of encouraging or establishing a pattern of behaviour by offering a reward when desired behaviour has been  shown.

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process of encouraging or establishing a pattern of behaviour by offering a reward when desired behaviour has been  shown.

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pulling on a horses reins creates an uncomfortable feeling until the horse knows to stop, this is when you release the reins and relax your arms.

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Negative Reinforcement is a term described by B.F Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning. a response or behaviour is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus.

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Negative Reinforcement is a term described by B.F Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning. a response or behaviour is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus.