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Since Burundi's independence in 1962, they met multiple mass violent, including massacres in 1972, 1978, during the 1900s. This led to a twelve years civil war started in 1993 and the status until now is unchanged. Originally, Burundi's past conflicts was divine of social group, mostly related to ethnic, Hutus and Tutsis, but linked to social and institutional regulation, economic opportunity and discriminatory policies. The civil war ended with Arusha Accords signed in 2000 but not apllied until 2005.

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In june 2013, the government passed the law curbing press freedom and six months later enacted a law restricting public gatherings. The root of the crisis was Nkurunziza illegally ran for a third presidential term and won in July 2015.   Former intelligence chief Major General Godefroid Niyombare and two other officials attempted a coup but was prevented from suceeding by the government forces. After that, two sides, pro- government and opposition armed groups carried out series of assasination of prominent individuals. This mass ethnic violence by far could be more serious.

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This crisis led to extreme poverty, weak institution in Burundi. Many refugees fled their country from the crisis because of mass violent keep happening.

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1993, 12 years since the end of civil war.

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In Burundi, sub-Saharan Africa