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To view and compare internal and external structure of different organisms to each other and ourselves.

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1: Listen for directions and respond immediately! No music!!!!!
2: NO horseplay.
3: Remain at lab stations at all times!!!
4: Always wear PPE like gloves apron and goggles.
5: Always keep your hands away from your face, eyes and mouth.
6: Inform teacher if illness occurs due to exposure to the chemicals.
7: Properly mount dissection specimens and handle with extreme care.
8: All specimen must be disposed in the trash can.
9: Clean up your area and return all equipment to proper place WASH TABLE with soap and sponge.
10: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water when finished.

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to move bones by contracting and relaxing. When the arm bends, it contracts, and when it straightens, it relaxes. Muscles get energy from eating, exercise is good, and it helps avoid muscle fatigue.

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Muscles are made of stacks of long thin cells called...

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Muscles are made of stacks of long thin cells called...

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muscle fibers. There are 3 muscle fibers, skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal, the most abundant and largest of the 3,are attached to bone and voluntary muscles. Smooth are smaller than the skeletal, are narrow at the ends, are involuntary, and include the stomach and intestines. Cardiac are also involuntary, are found in the heart, and have fibers that are tightly packed and have branches.

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Tendons fasten muscles to bones and other muscles. We have about 650 muscles in different shapes and sizes. There are voluntary muscles which you control, like when you move your arm. Involuntary act without thinking, like when you break down food. Some muscles are both of these, like when you blink your eye.

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a hard layer of living cells called compact or hard bone, which carries blood vessels and nerves to its inner parts. The inner parts is cancellous bone (which has large spaces in between like a honeycomb) or spongy bone. Those large spaces in the spongy bone contain a jellylike red-and-yellow bone marrow. Red bone marrow is found at the ends of bones and makes most of our blood cells. This includes red and white blood cells and red bone marrow makes platelets which help blood clump to make scabs. Yellow bone marrow stores fat and releases it as needed. Bones also contain collagen, which gives them their stretchiness, and calcium, which gives your bones strength. As you get older, your bones become weak. Osteoporosis is a disease where bone tissue gets thin and breakable. Getting calcium when you're younger can help prevent this.

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about 206 bones and some of those bones are made for movement, which include bones in the hands, feet, and limbs. Other bones give protection to your organs. Bones grow and change along with a person. About 70 percent of an adult's bones are made of minerals, and the rest is bone tissue, or groups of similar cells. The cells in bone tissue constantly make a whole new skeleton about every seven years.

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When we want to move there is a muscle that pulls on a tendon in our body, then that tendon pulls on the bone and allows us to move. The big muscles in our bodies pull big bones and the small muscles pull on smaller bones.

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your bones and muscles are working together. Our bones produce about 200 billion blood cells a day. Many muscles are attached to bones and the muscles pull on the bones to move. Other muscles help you breathe, swallow, smile, and move your eyes. The heart powers your whole body, just by pumping blood cells throughout your body.

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Valves in our heart allow blood to flow in one direction. As pressure is applied to the heart, the valves will open and close. A "heartbeat" is the sound that the valves make when closing as they push blood through the chambers.

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100,000 times a day which is 2.5 billion beats in one lifetime. We also have 100,00 km of blood vessels linking th cells of our organs and body parts

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are also connected to capillaries, so wastes from the cells can be moved to the blood. Veins generally carry deoxygenated blood from from the body to the heart, where it then goes to the lungs.

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are so small that blood cells can only move through them, one at a time. The arteries divide down into capillaries. Oxygen and food nutrients pass from capillaries to the cells.

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pump oxygenated blood from the heart along arteries and they divide like tree branches until they're very thin.

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range in size and structures, depending on their role in the body.

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makes up the network that delivers blood to the body's cells and tissues. This system is composed of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is the main organ and it pushes blood throughout the body.

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*Sensory nerves- They carry signals to the brain that use our five senses.
*Motor nerves- They allow the brain to control our muscles and tell them to expand and contract.
*Autonomic nerves- They control our involuntary or semi-voluntary functions. These functions are our heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, temperature regulation, and sweating.

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Chewing: Breaking down your food so that it mixes with your saliva, softening the food.
Swallowing: Pushes our food to the back of our throat where there is a flap of skin called epiglottis that prevents food from going into your trachea and into your lungs.
Traveling to the Stomach:
Throat muscles force food down your esophagus, which links the mouth to your stomach.
Stomach: Food is in your stomach for around 4 hours, enzymes aid in the digestion of food and the inner wall uses acid to kill bacteria. The inner lining also creates mucus to protect itself.
Liver and Pancreas: The liver produces bile that helps break down fats carbohydrates and proteins. The pancreas provides enzymes that help digest your food.
The Small Intestine: Most of the absorption takes place in the small intestine. It breaks down enzymes that the stomach passes along. It continues to absorb nutrients to pass along to other parts of the body, mainly the bloodstream.
The LARGE intestine: The large intestine is the final destination of the digestive process. It starts by absorbing water from the remaining indigestible food matter. It then passes any waste into the bowel. All done!

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Nerves are bundles of fibers and each nerve fiber contains nerve cells or neurons. They collect electrochemical impulses. Some nerves are long, so long they go from your feet to your spinal cord.

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transferring information between different parts of the brain and body. Your brain uses that information to coordinate all of your actions and reactions.

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is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and a large network of nerves that covers the whole body.

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The respiratory system is a group of organs that allow you to breath. The respiratory system's main function is to give oxygen to all parts of your body. the respiratory system works by breathing in air through your mouth or nose. Then the air travels through your voice box, down your windpipe, and through the bronchial tubes in your lungs. there are tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchi, they are called the alveoli. The alveoli allows oxygen from the air to pass into your blood. Your diaphragm helps your lungs expand and contract, the diaphragm muscles lie across the bottom of your chest cavity. It helps pump carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull oxygen into the lungs.

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We need something to break down the food we eat. The food has to be broken down so that our organs can use it.

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The Real Electric Frankenstein Experiments of the 1800s

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The Real Electric Frankenstein Experiments of the 1800s

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In November of 1818 a Scottish chemist named Andrew Ure decided to perform an anatomical research demonstration on a dead, hung murderer using electric current he shocked the dead body using 270-plate voltaic battery to various nerves in the dead man's body. He learned from this that electric current will make the dead body move and twist, but after a certain point amount of time you can not bring the body back to life.

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We are more like a bird than a plant because of the way we survive. A plant makes its own food using the sun whilst we have to cook/prepare food, and earn money to buy food.

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We study comparative anatomy because it helps us learn about our ancestry and evolution.