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Social

Runners

Nomadic

Women worked a lot because men were constantly in search of food

Huts made out of mud, animal skins and brush

Became extinct at an early date

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Political:

One big tribe was broken up

into small nomadic tribes

Shaman as their medical

and spiritual leader

Economic

Hunt and forage

Geographic

Gulf Coast, Southern Texas, Northern Mexico

One of the poorest regions

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Social

Scattered groups used smoke

signals to communicate

Traveled in bands of 30-40 people

Nomadic between the mainland and barrier island because they were poorly equipped

Traveled back and forth to islands in rickety dugout canoes

Practiced ceremonial cannibalism of enemies

Conflicts with colonists led to extinction

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Political

Each small band led by a chief

Economic

Used dugout canoes to fish

traded and hunted small game

Geographic

Gulf coast

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Political

Small bands that moved loosely to find food

No overall chief

Economic

Fish, hunters and gatherers, trade

Geographic

East Texas, West Louisiana

Social

Lived in small lodges made out of grass and reeds

Oyster legend: man said to have been cast up from sea in an oyster shell

European diseases led to extinction

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Geographic

Northeast Texas (around

the Red River), Oklahoma, Louisiana

Social

Traced family line through the mother (matriarchal)

Tejas confederacy is where we got our state’s name, which means “those who are friends”

Beehive grass huts

Ceremonies and rituals included giant burial mounds and spiritual temples

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Caddo

Atakapans

Karankawa

Coahuiltecans

Fun Fact: these tribes loved alligators for their meat, hides, and oils

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Political

Each band led by an elected chief

Warriors elected a war chief for each campaign

Economic

Hunted buffalo, elk and bear

Collected wild plants, but did not farm

Geographic

Central Plains and Great Plains regions

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APACHES(translates into “Navajo” or "Enemy")

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APACHES(translates into “Navajo” or "Enemy")

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Political

Family bands loosely organized under a chief

Chief proved himself by age, skill, and wisdom

Economic

Hunted buffalo, deer, and wild turkeys

Small gardens used to trade

Geographic

Great Plains and some in Mountains and Basins of west Texas

Social

Tepees and some lived in lodges

clothes of buffalo & deer

Superstitious

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Political

Family bands loosely organized under a chief

Chief proved himself by age, skill, and wisdom

Economic

Hunted buffalo, deer, and wild turkeys

Small gardens used to trade

Geographic

Great Plains

Social

Tepees made of buffalo hides

clothes too

Fierce warriors

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Political

Led by a chief who also served as a medicine man

Chief settled problems

Chief advised by a governor, war chief, and four captains

Economic

Farmed vegetables

Hunted small game

Geographic

El Paso area

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Political

Each village led by a chief who settled problems

Don’t know how traders governed

Economic

Group 1: hunter-gatherers & traded

Group 2: farmed in large villages - along the Rio Grande

Geographic --> West Texas

Social

Lived in homes called pueblos, made from adobe