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United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of speech and freedom of assembly.

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a claim must generally be false and must have been made to someone other than the person defamed.

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the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.

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The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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This amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases and inhibits courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact.

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Is speech directed at the overthrow of government.

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Etablishes the laws and treaties of the United States made in accordance with it as the supreme law of the land, forbids a religious test as a requirement.

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a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.

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Was simply discrimination that was not segregation by law.

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The Fifth Amendment imposes restrictions on the government's prosecution of persons accused of crimes.

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Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any search warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. It is part of the Bill of Rights.

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The right to bear arms

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The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights that protects freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, and right to petition.

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Was a case argued before the Supreme Court of the United States. The court ruled in an 8–1 decision that Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education

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Judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. In US law, the First Amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.

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Free Exercise Clause. Free Exercise Clause refers to the section of the First Amendment italicized here: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise

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Rational basis review is a test courts may is to determine the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance. To pass rational basis review, the challenged law must be rationally related to a legitimate government interest.

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Is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment.

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Case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, on May 18, 1896, by a seven-to-one majority (one justice did not participate), advanced the controversial “separate but equal” doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws.

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Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, also known as the Dred Scott case, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on US labor law and constitutional law.

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Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, is a landmark decision issued in 1973 by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions

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This ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.

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the former practice of segregating black people in the US.

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An action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.

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From the 1890's to the 1960's, many state governments in the Southern United States administered literacy tests to prospective voters purportedly to test their literacy in order to vote. In practice, these tests were intended to disenfranchise racial minorities.

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A landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment,

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The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws".

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Miranda v. Arizona was a Supreme Court case that overturned Ernesto Miranda's conviction for kidnapping and rape because he had not been informed of his legal rights prior to confessing.

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a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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A landmark United States Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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Incorporation, in U.S. law, is the process by which American courts have applied portions of the U.S. Bill of Rights to the states.

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A legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.

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reasonable grounds

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De jure segregation is separation enforced by law, occurs when widespread individual preferences, sometimes backed up with private pressure, lead to separation.

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A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination.

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This type of speech is generally protected under the First Amendment. nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband.

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The Supreme Court has also ruled that the right against double jeopardy precludes only subsequent criminal proceedings.

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fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

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the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

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a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.