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                                            Section 1 Introduction

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                                            Section 1 Introduction

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The introduction really focuses on how the Europeans discovered Australia only 200 years ago. It also tells alot about absolute and relative location. For example it gives the absolute location of Canberra which is the capital of Australia. Then it explains what relative location is.

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                                     Section 2 The Geographic Setting

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                                     Section 2 The Geographic Setting

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One of the main ideas in this section is how Australia is the onl country in the world that is also a continent. Another main topic in this section is how Antartica is the only continent that is more arid than Australia. It also talks about how Australia has the most diverse plants and animals in the world. Scientists think that 200 million years ago that all of the continents were joined together in one big continent that they call a supercontinent. They think that over time this huge continent broke into a number of tectonic plates which now formed the continents we have today. This theory was thought of by a German geographer named Alfred Wegener. He named this huge supercontinent pangea. Australia has many native species that you definitely won't find anywhere else, from the very much known and beloved koala to things that i've never heard of like a thylacine. In the 1800's Australia was colonized by britain. The colonists brought many animals and plants from europe to Australia. Because of this these animals they brought in also known as exotic species are now putting up risk for the native species there. These exotic species have started to compete with the native ones for food and territory. This has resulted in a growing number of endangered and threatened species.

some cool facts I found in this section were

1. Australia gets it's name from the word australis, which means southern. Australians also call their country Down Under because on maps it lies under the equator.

2. The word Pangea comes from the greek word that means all lands.

3. Scientists say that the continents are still drifting today. They say that the average rate of movement is less than an inch a year.

This right here is a picture of the thylacine more commonly known as the tasmanian tiger. It is just one example of one of Australia’s exotic species. This is a very strange species of animals. The reasons for that being that scientists don't even know if this animal has became extinct or still roams the earth today.

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                                Section 3 A Land far From Great Britain

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                                Section 3 A Land far From Great Britain

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Section 3 has a lot to do with Britains also how and when they colonized it and turned it into a prison. The first people to go to Australia were known as the as the Aborigines. At the time that Britain was at odds with American colonies A British sea captain named James Cook discovered Australia while exploring the South Pacific. The loss of many of these American colonies created a problem for British prisons. Most of the prisons were overflowing with prisoners. Until the Americans rebelled. At the time many Britons were sending their prisoners to America so when the Americans rebelled in 1783 this was no longer possible. Because they could now no longer do this they decided to send them as far away as possible, and that happen to be Australia. In 1788 elevel ships set sail to Australia carrying about  700 convicts. They also brought many resources and animals with them. these convicts that were sent there built Australia's first European settlement. soon later 160,000 more prisoners were sent to Australia. This later stopped in 1868. This new prison colony grew slowly at first., but hey were able to support themselves by farming. In 1851 gold was discovered in their colony. People started coming in from everywhere. As more and more people came to the island the first settlement of people the Aborigines were pushed off. Many of them also died from diseases that were brought from the Europeans. In 1901 Australia gained it’s independence. Britain has had a big impact of the Continent of Australia even as of today. In fact this is why the main language spoken there is English.

Cool facts

1. The Aborigines came to Australia more than 40,000 years ago. Their way of life may be the oldest culture in the world.

2. The Aborigines believe in a time long ago that they call the Dreamtime. This was a time before humans when spirits roamed the Earth. They told people how to keep the land alive.

3. The Australian flag has a small copy of the British “Union Jack” in one corner.

4. After being released from prison the convicts were given land of their own to farm.

5. 750,000 Aborigines lived in Australia when the Europeans arrived. Today there may be only about 400,000 Aborigines in the country.

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                        Section 4 New Relationships with Near Neighbors

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                        Section 4 New Relationships with Near Neighbors

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The main idea of section 4 is to inform of a rule that was going on in Australia that would decline many people from immigrating there .After Australia gained it's independence it made a rule called the White Australia immigration policy. This was to keep people of color from entering the country. If you wanted to immigrate to Australia you would have to pass a diction test. "An official read aloud a 50-word statement in a European language.” The newcomer would have to write down this statement word for word, if he could not he wouldn’t pass. For those who did not pass were turned away. This test limited immigration mainly to white Europeans. This policy graciously ended in 1970 to open the doors to immigrants. More than half of Australia's migrants come from Asia. Because of the policy ending it brought many different races and cultures into the country sometimes causing ethnic tensions. But the main result turned to be a great happy society.

1. By 2008, more than 21 million people lived in Australia. About one of every four was born in another country.

2. At this moment Australia is welcoming approximately 200,000 immigrants each year.

3.People migrate to Australia for both push and pull reasons. Some are refugees fleeing wars. Others come seeking an education or a good job.

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                               Section 5 Australia’s Reversed Seasons

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                               Section 5 Australia’s Reversed Seasons

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Section 5 gives some of the advantages that Australia has and gives us during our winter months. Since Australia is in the Southern hemisphere when it is winter for us it is summer for them. This is actually an advantage though. Since there Summer months are during our Winter months we are able to get fruits in Winter that we otherwise wouldn't be able to like cherries or watermelon. Japan also does the same as us and this is almost like a win win situation because we get our fruits we like during winter and we are giving them money. Another advantage it gives the Northern hemisphere is during our inter it gives us a place to vacation to with the average Summer temperature in Sydney Australia being greater than 77 degrees fahrenheit. Many people vacation to Australia every year ust for the warm weather.

Cool Facts

1.During New Year's in Sydney australia temperatures hover at 98 degrees fahrenheit

2.December through February are Australia's Summer months

3. In 2008, more than 5 million people vacationed to Australia.

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                                  Section 6 Australia’s Amazing Wildlife

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                                  Section 6 Australia’s Amazing Wildlife

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There many many animals that are found in Australia and it just so happens to be that a great number of these are very unusual. Australia was separated and divided from the rest of the continent many years ago. So all of these plants and animals there developed in isolation. They developed without interaction from other species from other places. The plants and animals have adapted to huge variety of climates. They have been able to adapt to all of these climates because of how diverse Australia is. One place in Australia might be perfect for one animal but not for another so they have to adapt to another climate. Early settlers brought many exotic species to Australia, one of which being the rabbit. This had a huge and harmful effect on all of Australia's wildlife. As the rabbits increased and multiplied they started to eat more and more of the Australian grasses. This made it hard for many Australian animals to get grass to eat so they could survive. These exotic species like the rabbit has caused some native species to disappeared. Others are in danger of becoming extinct.

Some more interesting facts that I learned were

1.There are more than 13 million living species of plants and animals, and about one million are found in Australia.

2.Australia has many unique species that can only be found in Australia then in any other country

3.The rabbits have caused lots of competition to animals in Australia especially the bibly. The bibly is in risk right now of dying out because of the rabbits competition.

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                               Section 7 Living Under an Ozone Hole      

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                               Section 7 Living Under an Ozone Hole      

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I learned a lot in this section and I thought that it was very interesting. Scientists divide the Earth's atmosphere into layers. The bottom layer the one closest to us contains air that we breathe. the second layer starts about 6 miles above earth. This layer contains ozone. Ozone keeps ultraviolet rays from the sun away from the earth. In 1985 scientists discovered that the ozone over Antarctica was thinning. A thin patch of ozone is called a ozone hole. We are losing ozone mainly because of chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons. When the ozone hole was first discovered lots of  chlorofluorocarbons were being used. This chemical destroys ozone. The thinning of the ozone layer has even caused health related issues for Australia. In recent years skin cancer rates in Australia have risen sharply.

cool facts

1. You cannot see ozone. But without it, there would be no life on Earth.

2. UV rays are harmful to living things. In humans, they cause sunburn, eye disease, and skin cancer.

3. Some scientists think that by 2050 the ozone hole may disappear.

4. Because of all of this two out of every three Australians are now likely to develop skin cancer sometime in their lifespan.

5. There's even a rule at school called no hat, play in the shade where students can't go outside to play if they are not wearing a hat.

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Is There A Hole In The Ozone Layer Over Australia?