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“China.” Britannica Student, 3 Nov. 2017, school.eb.com/levels/high/article/China/117321#71760.toc. Accessed 12 Mar. 2018.

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The United States government recognized the Republic of China government as the sole and legitimate government of China. Despite a number of governments ruling various parts of the country, China was reunified by a single government. Starting in the 1870's, American missionaries began developing educational institutions in China. They discovered the demand for Western education was much stronger, and much more elite, than the demand for Christianity.

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With its newly acquired territory in the western Pacific, the United States was determined to preserve its own commercial interests in China by protecting Chinese territorial integrity from the other major powers. The United States had sold China 100 fighter planes—the beginning of a U.S. effort to provide air protection. In the 1890's the major world powers began carving out spheres of influence for themselves in China, which was then under the Qing Dynasty. The United States demanded this practice to end so that all nations could trade on an equal footing.

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“Unequal Treaty.” Britannica Student, 17 Apr. 2015, school.eb.com/levels/high/article/unequal-treaty/74240. Accessed 12 Mar. 2018.

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Each additional treaty expanded upon the rights of extraterritoriality, and, as a result, the foreigners obtained an independent legal, judicial, police, and taxation system within the treaty ports. Between 1928 and 1931 the Chinese Nationalists succeeded in persuading the Western powers to return tariff autonomy to China, but extraterritorial privileges were not relinquished by Britain, France, and the United States until 1946.

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The Unequal Treaty, in Chinese history, any of a series of treaties and agreements in which  China  was forced to concede many of its territorial and sovereignty rights.
The Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, formally Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China, essentially prevented the People's Republic of China from taking over the Island of Taiwan during 1955–1979. The content of the treaty included the provision that if one country came under attack, the other would aid and provide military support.
July 1844 China signed the  Treaty of Wanghia  with the United States and in October the  Treaty  of Whampoa  with France.

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“Colonialism, Western.” Britannica Student, 6 Feb. 2018, school.eb.com/levels/high/article/colonialism-Western/106074#25928.toc. Accessed 12 Mar. 2018.

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Secretary of State John Hay first articulated the concept of the “Open Door” in China in a series of notes in 1899–1900. These Open Door Notes aimed to secure international agreement to the U.S. policy of promoting equal opportunity for international trade and commerce in China, and respect for China’s administrative and territorial integrity. Hay called for each of the powers active in China to do away with economic advantages for their own citizens within their spheres of influence, and also suggested that the Chinese tariffs apply universally and be collected by the Chinese themselves.

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The 1899 Open Door notes provided that each great power should maintain free access to a treaty port or to any other vested interest within its sphere, only the Chinese government should collect taxes on trade, and no great power having a sphere should be granted exemptions from paying harbour dues or railroad charges.