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A mole is a unit of measurement just like an inch but much smaller of a measurement. You could have one mole of hydrogen which is 1g or you could have a mole of sulfur which is 32g. One mole is the same as one molecule of an element. One mole is 6.0×10²³ constitutive particles.

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Molar mass is the mass of one mole of an object. It is also the mass of an object divided by the amount of that object, or substance. Written as g/mol.

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An endothermic reaction is a reaction that involves self combustion and exploding from the inside out. one example is melting Ice cubes.

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Throughout a reaction, a reactant is the substance that takes part in and changes in the reaction.
Example -

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A synthesis reaction is a type of reaction where numerous reactants (substances that are doing the reacting) fuse to make one product (new substance that is formed). They discharge energy in the form of heat and light, which means that they are exothermic.

Examples:
-Hydrogen and oxygen combining to form water (dihydrogen oxide)
-Sodium and chlorine combining to form table salt (sodium chloride)
-Carbon and oxygen combining to form carbon dioxide

To learn more, click this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yS8noHTIJ_E

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Out of the numerous possible chemical reactions between substances, combustions or combustion reactions consist of the vast majority. They are the most common of all reactions and are more often known and referred to as the"burning" of the mixed substances.  involves a reaction between any combustible material and an oxidizer to form an oxidized product. Generally speaking, combustion involves a reaction between any combustible material and an oxidizer to form an oxidized product. While not all combustion reactions result in an obvious flame, they are detectable and traceable through the production of carbon dioxide, heat, and vapor (water).

The most common combustion reactions that occur in households are the burning of matches, where the combustants are most commonly sulfur and red phosphorus. In most cases, a source of heat is required to begin a combustion reaction, such as friction or another flame to overcome the activation energy required to sustain a flame.

Oxidizers in themselves are function under a complex basis, but to summarize, they do a couple essential steps in producing a combustion reaction:
1) Transferring electrons and shifting their location
2) Creating new bonds between molecules as a result
3) Creates what is essentially a violent form of oxidation where oxygen molecules are attached and combined with others.
NOTE: Some oxidizers are better known for their combustion enhancing abilities, such as oxygen.

There exist reaction equations to dictate the exact after-products between chemicals, although most equations do not include heat, as it is not a chemical property.

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Equilibrium is a state in which opposing forces or influences are being balanced.
It also can mean a calm state of mind or a state of physical balance.

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In an isolated system, matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change forms.

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A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change.

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A chemical equation is what scientists use to describe a chemical reaction. If we burned hydrogen with oxygen in it's presence, it would make water. The substances reacting are on the left, and the substance being made is on the right.
For more details, click on this link:https://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Chemistry/1/Chemical-Equations/56/reading

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Avogadro's Number is 6.02 x 10^23. It is the amount of atoms in one mole.

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Periods go left to right on the periodic table. Periods show how many electron orbitals are in an element. For example, all of the elements on the first period have on orbital for its electrons. The most orbitals that you can have is seven orbitals. As you go down the periodic table, every row adds an orbital.

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The Alkali metals are the first group in the periodic table. They all have one valence electron and are highly reactive. They are all silvery grey in color and explode easily (especially when exposed to water).

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Every column on the periodic table is called a group. The elements in every group have similar properties. You can use the elements in a group to predict the properties of an element in the same group. All of the elements in the same group of the same number of valence electrons.

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Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract the shared electrons of a covalent bond to itself. If atoms bonded together have the same electronegativity, the shared electrons will be equally shared. If the electrons of a bond are more attracted to one of the atoms, the electrons will be unequally shared. Here is a picture of a scale of electronegativity...

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A transition metal is an element that has an incomplete d subshell. D subshells can actually only hold up to 10 electrons. Reach row contains a different amount of electrons in their d shell. The 1st row has one and it works up to the 10th row that has ten electrons in its d shell. They are found in the middle rows on the periodic table.

This is the video I watched on Transition Metals: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/periodic-table/copy-of-periodic-table-of-elements/v/periodic-table-transition-metals

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The Noble Gasses are basically just a group of gasses.  Some of them consist of Helium and Neon.  The Noble Gasses also have a very low reaction rate.
To learn more about Noble Gasses -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXAjFOz2kOM

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Mendeleev was the scientist who developed the periodic classification (the periodic table). He found that the elements increased in weight. He was able to leave spaces for elements he thought someone would discover in the future (which they did!). Also, he founded periodic law.

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Going from left to right, the Alkaline Earth Metals are the second column. The family consists of Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium, and Unbinilium. They each have two valence electrons, and they react with water to form basic oxides. They are not found freely nature, they have high boiling and melting points, they have a low density, and they are not found in their basic state in Earth's crust.

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There are five elements in the Halogen family. They are Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and astatine. The five characteristics are: Different colors, bad small, bad conductor, toxic, and low melting/boiling points.

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The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons. ... Electrons do not have definite orbits, or sharply defined ranges.
This is saying that the Atomic Radius is measured the the size of the atom.

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         IONIZATION ENERGY                     First off, an ion is an atom that has an uneven number of protons and electrons, in other words, an ion is an atom with a charge. Cations are positively charged ions; similarly, anions are negatively charged ions. After knowing that information you can understand that ionization energy is the amount of energy it takes to remove an electron from an ion. The periodic table is organized by many characteristics and patterns of each element, so as you would expect the ionization energy follows a trend. In the picture it shows that the energy it takes to remove an electron increases from bottom to top and left to right. Another way to think about this trend is based off of how many electrons an element has originally. If the element is stable or has filled all of its energy levels it wants to keep its electrons eg: the Noble Gases. So that is why the noble gases on the far right take a lot of energy to remove an electron. Here is a link: 

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         IONIZATION ENERGY                     First off, an ion is an atom that has an uneven number of protons and electrons, in other words, an ion is an atom with a charge. Cations are positively charged ions; similarly, anions are negatively charged ions. After knowing that information you can understand that ionization energy is the amount of energy it takes to remove an electron from an ion. The periodic table is organized by many characteristics and patterns of each element, so as you would expect the ionization energy follows a trend. In the picture it shows that the energy it takes to remove an electron increases from bottom to top and left to right. Another way to think about this trend is based off of how many electrons an element has originally. If the element is stable or has filled all of its energy levels it wants to keep its electrons eg: the Noble Gases. So that is why the noble gases on the far right take a lot of energy to remove an electron. Here is a link: 

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https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/periodic-table/periodic-table-trends-bonding/v/ionization-energy-trends

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First off, an ion is an atom that has an uneven number of protons and electrons, in other words, an ion is an atom with a charge. Cations are positively charged ions; similarly, anions are negatively charged ions. After knowing that information you can understand that ionization energy is the amount of energy it takes to remove an electron from an ion. The periodic table is organized by many characteristics and patterns of each element, so as you would expect the ionization energy follows a trend. Here is a picture:

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It shows that electrons in each orbit, orbiting at the same pace around the nucleus

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A valence electron is an electron on the outermost energy shell of an atom. The valence electrons are the only electrons that "participate" in chemical reactions. Atoms can trade valence electrons, and the trading of valence electrons is what causes chemical reactions.

Valence electrons can be represented in a Bohr Diagram or in a Lewis Dot Structure

Below are a Bohr Diagram (see right) and a Lewis Dot Structure (see left) for the element carbon.

On the Bohr diagram, the electrons on the outermost circle are the valence electrons. Carbon has four of them.

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Protons are positively charged subatomic particle that has an equal charge to electrons

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The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.

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An electron is a particle with a negative charge of electricity that is in all atoms. Protons-Electrons=Charge. Electrons follow a path called an orbit that goes around the nucleus. Electrons are much smaller than the nucleus. It is kind of like the Earth is an electron, and the Sun is the nucleus. The outer orbit of electrons are called valence electrons. Valence electrons participate in the chemical bonding with other atoms. Without J. J. Thompson, we would not know about electrons and protons today.

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The definition of a Neutron is a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.
My definition is a particle in an atom that has a negative electric charge.

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Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, but different mass numbers because they have different numbers of neutrons. If they had different numbers of protons they would be different elements.

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Dalton had many theories he created. 1) All elements are composed of atoms 2) All atoms of the same elements have the same mass 3) Compound atoms are made up of one or more elements. Dalton also believed that the atom was the smallest something could get. He thought the atom could not be broken down into any smaller pieces.

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An electron cloud is a region of negatively charged particles that surround the nucleus of an atom.

For more information, click here: https://www.universetoday.com/38282/electron-cloud-model/

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Atoms are extremely small but they make up everything. You are made up of atoms. They are the basic structure of everything.

For more information check out this link: https://www.livescience.com/37206-atom-definition.html

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Avogadro's Law, also known as Avogadro's Principle or Hypothesis is another gas law that attempts to explain the relationship between two variables. Mathematically, the law is represented as such: V/n = k. The two variables in this law are volume and the number of gas particles present (moles). The law states that "Equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules." This essentially means that so long as temperature and pressure remain constant, if the gas possesses the same volume as another gas in the same condition the two gasses have the same number of molecules. This law applies to IDEAL laws, meaning that they, in short, exhibit the traits similar to hydrogen and nitrogen. (There are specific traits to ideal gasses, but this post has already stretched on for far too long.)

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A solid is one of the states of matter. A solid is anything that has mass or weight to it. The particles inside of the solid are packed tightly together. A solid is pretty much anything execpt liquids or gases.

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Kinetic energy is a form of energy that is found in a body or a system. It is the energy that something possesses due to its motion. It's the work needed to accelerate a body of mass from rest to its stated velocity.
Some example of kinetic energy would be: throwing a baseball, a person walking, and dropping your phone

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STP means standard temperature and pressure. The standard temperature is 0 degrees celsius, 32 degrees fahrenheit, and 273.15 degrees kelvin. The standard pressure is 1 atm. These measurements can be used when finding the density of gasses and liquids.

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The Ideal Gas Law  is PV=nRT. The Ideal Gas Law constant is the variable R. That number depends on what the pressure unit is.
Pressure Units and their R values-
Atm- 0.08205
kPa- 8.3145
mmHg- 62.3636
psi- 1.206
torr- 62.3636
In the ideal gas law equation, the most common pressure unit is atmospheres. If the equation uses atmospheres as the pressure value, then the R value is going to be 0.08205.

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The Ideal gas law is pressure multiplied by volume which is equal to number of moles multiplied by the gas constant multiplied by the temperature. Temperature is always measured in Kelvins, Volume is measured in Liters, and Pressure is measured in kiloPascals, Torr,  and Atmosphere.

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Gay-Lussac's law is P1/T1=P2/T2. Some units for pressure are atmospheres(atm), torr, kilopascals(kPa), milimeters of mercury(mmHg), and psi. The units for temperature are celcius and Kelvin. You have to convert the celcius to Kelvin before you can solve the equation. Pressure and temperature are directly related, and the volume is contsant.
Example: A burning automobile tire. The heat from the burning rubber will cause the air pressure in the tire to increase and cause the weakened tire wall to explode.

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Boyle´s law is Pressure times Volume. Volume is known for Liters and Pressure can be known as Atmospheres, Torr, Kpa and Pascals. This is an inverse relationship which means when the volume goes up the pressure goes down.

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Pressure is the force applied on an object over a certain amount of area. Pressure rises and falls depending on the amount of area the pressure has.

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Kelvin is a temperature scale designed so that zero degrees K is defined as absolute zero.

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A liquid is one of the states of matter. Liquids have a definite volume, but they do not have a definite shape.
One example is Water

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In a gas, volume and temperature are directly proportional (meaning when one goes up, so does the other and vise versa), and it is used to compare two situations.

It is expressed mathematically as V/T=K
or V1/T1=V2/T2
V= Volume T= Temperature (in Kelvin) K= Constant

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Absolute zero is the lowest theoretical temperature you can get. This is also when particles in this temperature will move the slowest. Some people might even say that they stop completely.

Absolute Zero is:
0 Kelvins
-273 degrees Celcius
-460 degrees fahrenheit

Here is a quick 3 minute video to explain absolute zero more in depth.

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There is either no or some solute in the mixture but their could be more.
Examples
* There is no solute in the solvent.
* There is some solute in the solvent, but there can be more.

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Supersaturation occurs when a solvent has more solute in it than it can hold.

Some important facts: A saturated solution can become supersaturated when it is cooled. The solubility of solid solutes in liquid solvents increases when the solvent is heated up. For example, more sugar can be dissolved in warm water than it can in cold water.

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When something saturated, it is has the most dissolvent it can dissolve.

Examples:
~When you add sugar to water, and the sugar no longer dissolves
~Carbonated water is saturated, so it gives off carbon bubbles

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Elements make up all living things. There are more than 100 elements and elements are known as the building blocks of matter. Gold is an example of a element, and every element has a symbol. Gold's symbol is AU.

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Incapable of being dissolved

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A colloid is a homogeneous substance that consists of large molecules, the particles do not settle and can not be separated by ordinary through ordinary filtering like a suspension.
Examples
Gelatin, Muddy Water, and Jelly.

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It can be dissolved in water. Salt can dissolve in water; therfore, it is a soluble.
To get more information about what a soluble is, you can go to:
https://sciencing.com/soluble-mean-science-7446823.html

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The Tyndall Effect is when light is scattered by a colloid.

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Matter is everything. Matter is anything that has weight and the takes up space.

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When a substance undergoes chemical reaction, either by itself or with other materials, and to realease energy.
Examples
The most reactive element is flourine.
The least reactive elements is helium.
Here is a link to give you more details:
https://www.chemicool.com/definition/reactivity.html

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A solution is the mixture of two or more homogeneous mixtures. This mixture can be in any form, solid, gas, or liquid. To have a solution you must have a solute and a solvent.

Examples:
- Whipped Cream
- Salt Water
- Hot Chocolate

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A mixture where you can tell the difference between the parts of the mixture

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A mixture that you can tell the difference between parts of the mixture

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A pure substance is matter that will always have the exact same composition.

Examples: Salt and sugar

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Any property that makes a change in the composition of matter.

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Conductivity is the degree of which a certain material conducts electricity. Conductivity is measured as the ratio of the current density in the material to the electric field that causes the flow of current.

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A compound is two or more elements combined to make something new.
Some examples are:
Water
Salt

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The temperature it takes to make a liquid start boiling.This's a picture of water boiling.

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Flammability is the ability for an object to ignite in fire. There are different degrees of flammability, not all objects are as flammable as others.

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Definition:
They are mixtures in which insoluble particles are suspended in a liquid or gas
For More Info:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/states-of-matter-and-intermolecular-forces/mixtures-and-solutions/v/suspensions-colloids-and-solutions

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A homogeneous mixture is a solid, liquid, or gaseous mixture that has the same proportion of components throughout all of the given mixture.

Some Examples:
+ white vinegar
+ pure water
+ blood plasma
+ corn oil
+ sugar water

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https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-physical-property-605911
For example,
Gold is...
-a shiny yellow metal
-able to be shaped
-melts at 1064 degrees celsius
-boils at 2864 degrees celsius
-is solid at room temperature
I was able to observe all of this without changing the matters identity

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A atom is the basic unit of any chemical element

Video to learn more-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvkmVRS61SI
All solid, liquids and gasses are made up of atoms.