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The Parthenon sculptures are placed in Room 18, Ground Floor, of British museum. The whole collection is called Elgin Marbles, or more often just Parthenon Marbles. The collection includes 21 figures of statuary from the East and West pediments, 15 metope panels which show battles between Centaurus and men, and also 75 metres of the Parthenon frieze.

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How have the statues arrived at the British Museum?

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How have the statues arrived at the British Museum?

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The pieces that we can nowadays see in the museum were actually part of the ruins of the Parthenon and were brought to England for the first time between 1801 and 1805. That's when the British Ambassador,Lord Elgin took them to his personal collection with the permission of the Ottoman authorities. Since 1807 they are displayed to the public in the British Museum, free of charge. Problems started from 1980 when Greek Goverments started protesting because they wanted the statues to be taken back to Athens.

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The Parthenon on the Acropolis at Athens was constructed between 447 and 438 B.C. and was dedicated to Athena, patron goddess of the city. It was built on the initiative of Pericles and was entrusted to the architects Ictino, Callicrate and Mnesicle.

It housed a colossal gold and ivory statue of the goddess, called Athena Parthénos, by the sculptor Pheidias also famous for inventing the sculptural technique of wet drapery (ex. Iride in the west pediment, Aphrodite and Diana in the east pediment)

The temple was richly decorated with sculptures representing scenes from mythology and cult.

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Pediements are the triangular gable ends of a Greek temple, which were often filled with sculptures.
Pausanias reports that the East pediment depicts the birth of Athena , while the West part represents the  dispute between Athena and Poseidon, for the control on Attica, won by the goddess with her gift of the olive tree.

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The reconstruction of the original East pediment

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The reconstruction of the original East pediment

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At  the centre of the pediment and now lost there were the colossal figures of Athena herself, her father Zeus and brother Hephaestus, the god of smiths.
Athena was born fully grown and armed from the head of Zeus, split open by a blow from Hephaestus' axe.
The times of Athena's birth was marked in the corners of the pediment

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On the left side of the east pediment we can see a girl moving rapidly away from the centre, her drapery flying out behind.
She may represents Hebe, cup-bearer of Zeus.
Next to her we can see two goddesses seated on chests, perhaps Demeter (on the right), goddess of the grain, and Persephone (on the left)  goddess of the earth.
Demeter is disturbed by the figure to the right, while her companion is still at rest.
Next to the goddesses we can see a naked youth reclined on a rock, cushioned by the skin of a feline animal. He is probably Dionysos, god of wine. His missing right hand perhaps held a cup. The head, arms and shoulders of the sun-god Helios emerge out of the sea at down.
His chariot is to be imagined as still under water . The heads of four horses were once visible, of which two are shown in the British Museum

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On the right side of the est Pediment we can find 3 statues: the statue of Hestia(goddess of the hearth and the home) Aphrodite and Dione(respectively the goddess of love and her mother) and the head of one of Selene's chariot horses. In fact if the three goddesses don't have their heads, the only piece remaining of the moon goddess is her horse's head. The statues show how precise was Fidia's work, in fact the drapes, the dresses they are wearing, are wet like and they are so attached to the wemens bodies that we can see their physic even from far away.

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Helios’ chariot

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hestia, Dione and Aphrodite and Phidias wet drapery

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the left side of east pediments

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The horse head from Selene’s chariot