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Navicular degenerative tendinitis- Lameness assessment, nerve blocks and radiograph imaging.

Kissing Spines- X-ray and Scintigraphy.

Wobblers syndrome- lameness assessment and neurological assessment.

Cushing’s disease- visible clinical signs, blood tests (testing for the adrenocorticotropic hormone).

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Isolation stables and area

Varied sized stables with cameras

Specific stables for horses whom are undergoing scintigraphy diagnosis

Stabling for day visiting patients

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Lameness work-up, Colic surgery, Castration, standing eye operation, tendon and ligament strains, bone fractures, strangles.

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Navicular Degeneration

Clinical examination, lameness workup and Intrathecal analgesia are the first methods used by veterinarians to diagnose foot pain, however studies suggest these only give an outline of the area effected and do not confirm the presence of navicular degeneration.  Radiological images are harder to interpret, require more accurate placing and do not accurately identify navicular bone pathology. MRI gives a more accurate diagnosis and includes pathology of the Navicular bone (Parkes et al. 2015)

Parkes, R. Newton, R and Dyson, S. (2015) ‘Is there an association between clinical features, response to diagnostic analgesia and radiological findings in horses with a magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of navicular disease or other injuries of the podotrochlear apparatus?’. The Veterinary Journal, 204: 40-46.

Tendinitis

Ultrasonography could give an indication of fibre damage, however it is not sensitive enough to detect lesions in all areas (Dyson et al. 2010). Thermography could pinpoint specific area due to heat mass, Nuclear scintigraphy, Radiography, MRI gives the most accurate diagnosis compared to radiographic, scintigraphic and ultrasonography for which Davies et al. (2014) found the results to be inconclusive. This study was only performed on a small sample of four horses and the inconclusiveness could be attributed to interpretation of the images than the failure of detection.

Davis, W. Caniglia, C. Lustgarten, M. Blackwelder, T. Robertson, I and Redding, W. (2014) ‘Clinical and diagnostic imaging characteristics of lateral digital flexor tendinitis within the tarsal sheath in four horses’. Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 55(2): 166-173.

Dyson, S. Murray, R. Schramme, M and Branch, M. (2003) ‘Lameness in 46 horses associated with deep digital flexor tendinitis in the digit: diagnosis confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging’. Equine Veterinary Journal, 35(7): 681-690.

Kissing spines

Ultrasonography and thermography used together has been found to present an efficient method for diagnosis (Fonseca et al. 2006).

Radiography

Fonseca, B. Alves, A. Nicoletti, J. Thomassian, A. Hussni, C and Mikail, S. (2006) ‘Thermography and ultrasonography in back pain diagnosis of equine athletes’. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 26(11): 507-516.

Wobblers syndrome

Radiography to identify malformations of the cervical vertebrae, Myelography, CT, MRI.

Cushing disease PPID

Blood sample for Basal plasma ACTH concentration
Thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test (TRHST)
Dexamethasone suppression test.

Rossdales Laboratories (2017) Diagnosing Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction. Available at https://www.rossdales.com/assets/files/PPID-Guide.pdf (Accessed 7 October 2018).

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The isolation stables were away from the main yard with protocols in place to deal with any horses exhibiting signs of disease.

Separate stable blocks consisting of internal stables of varying sizes within barns (some stables having cameras) Wooden stable block used for horses for scintigraphy diagnosis.

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Lameness work up, Colic surgery, Castrations, Tendon and Ligament, Bone fractures, Strangles.

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On most week day appointments they treat and test for lameness. majority due to lower leg and hoof issues.

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Bell Equine had five stable blocks
- 2 barns
- 2 outside blocks
- an isolation block consisting of 2 individual stables.
being able to house a maximum of 23 horses at one time.

The two inside barns had a variety of different sizes including a foal or X-small pony stable with an open access to the stable adjacent for the mare to see, touch and smell her baby.

They have cameras in most of the stables to be able to closely monitor critical patients at all time.

one of the outside blocks are dedicated to horses who are radioactive due to scintigraphy  scan.

Isolation stables are off from the main blocks facing away from the rest of the hospital. Having its own muck pile - cleaning equipment -

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Isolation stables with a separate muck heap + tools and disinfecting procedures for those with contagious diseases eg. ringworm, strangles to hopefully prevent spreading

Stables for 'radioactive' horses undergoing nuclear scinitigraphy - nurse pointed out that it would be better if they were lead-lined as some radiation can still escape

Different size stables for different horses, one with a little one next door and a small opening between so mare and foal can still make contact

Cameras in every other stable to monitor colicing horses, those who have come out of surgery etc

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Lameness work-up, colic surgery, castratons, fertility/AI, strangles, eye damage eg. ulcers,