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Rosa Louise Mc Caley Parks was an african-american woman who's born in Alabama, USA, the february 4th 1913 and she died the october 24th 2005 in Detroit. This black woman has argued against rascim , racial segregation and for civils rights in the 50's. She also engaged with Martin Luther King.

Rosa Parks became famous after an history on december frist 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama where she refuses to leave her place to a white man in a bus. Rosa Parks be arrested and must be fined. But the december 5th she appeal her judgment.

Her struggle was emblematic for black people.
Her fight against discrimination will allow the Civil Rights Act. It's a law who prohibits all discriminations in public places. Several other laws have been put in place, thanks to her and all militants activists.

Mathilde Baldacchino. TES2

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Barack obama was the first black president to the history of United States of America.

Hé was born the August 4th 1961 in Hawaï. He fights (like Rosa Parkes or Martin Luther king) for the rights of black people in America. When he was elected president, he became the symbol of black community.

His victory in 2008 watch the civil rights movement triumph.

He staid president in 2012 for 4 years.

But in 2016, he couldn’t stay president because in USA, a man could be elected just 2 times.

And after his 8 years of president of USA, Donald trump was elected in 2016. And he doesn’t defending the Africans-Americans people who live in America.

Barack Obama would like to see an unit America between black people and white people, the equality about every people who live in USA.

End.

Benoi Vivian

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Rosa Parks, named “The Mother of the Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement”, was an African-American woman born in Tuskegee, Alabama in 1913. She is most well known for her stand against racial segregation on public buses in Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa refused to give up her seat for a white man and was arrested, charged with, and convicted of civil disobedience. Rosa spent most of her life fighting for desegregation, voting rights, and was active in the Civil Rights movement that has shaped social code in the Unites States. No matter what city she lived in, she found a way to stay involved in the community and always seemed to have a way to voice her thoughts and feelings about inequalities in society. Rosa had a knack for doing this effectively, but quietly and was known for her saying, “Do what is right.”

Within the span of her 92 years of life, Rosa has been actively peered by the most influential leaders in black American history. She has been presented with numerous awards for her contribution in forging positive change in a time when social inequality was commonplace.

NAPOLETANO Lisa TES2

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Born in Atlanta, Martin Luther King was first noticed in 1955 for his outstanding speaker skills and personal courage. He was arrested after boycotting a transportation company in Montgomery, Alabama, demanding that people of color give their seats to whites and stay upright.

Over the next ten years, Martin Luther King wrote, spoke and organized non-violent protests to draw attention to racial discrimination and to call for a civil code that would protect the rights of African Americans.

In 1963, in Birmingham, Martin Luther King organized peaceful demonstrations to which the white police responded with dogs and fire hoses, creating a controversy that made headlines in newspapers all over the world. Mass demonstrations ensued in many communities.

Martin Luther King then delivered his famous "I had a dream" speech, where he envisioned a world in which people would no longer be separated by race.

This movement, inspired by Martin Luther King, was so powerful that the US Congress passed the Civil Code in 1964, the same year he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Martin Luther King is an icon of civil rights movements. His life and work symbolize the quest for equality and non-discrimination that embodies the American dream.

ROBELIN Camille, TES2

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The 1954-1968 civil rights movements is the American movement that created a real equality of civil rights for Black Americans by abolishing the legislation to put an end to the racial segregation.Protestant pastor Martin Luther King , who defended non-violence, was one of the main actors of this movement, which in 1954 allowed the unconstitutional status of racial segregation in schools. This movements also illustrated by the struggle of Rosa Parks who refused to give her place to a white man, who led to her arrest and then a boycott of the Montgomery buses. This has made racial segregation on buses unconstitutional. Since then, the condition of the Black Americans have evolved in the positive way.
Arnaud Victor TES

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Pointed white hoods, long tunics, inflamed cross ... The Ku Klux Klan was born in the night of December 24th to 25th, 1865 in Tennessee in the South of the United States just days after the abolition of slavery.

The purpose of this organization is to restore Protestant white supremacy.
Their methods were as various as: rapes, murders, hangings ...

Officially banned in 1870, the KKK was reborn in the early 1920s and had more than 5 million members in 1925.

They attacked blacks, Jews, immigrants, Catholics until a new ban in 1928.

The Klan gained prominence in the 1950s with the emergence of the black civil rights struggle.

Today, the Ku Klux Klan still exists in many active organizations in the United States and other countries.

Soler Tim

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Barack Hussein Obama II was born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Hee is the 44th president of the United States and also the first African-American president.
He started his carrer as a lawyer and then as a law professor.
He started his political career in 1996 when he became senator of Illinois where he began to make health care and childhood education a priority.

In 2004 after his unsuccessful run for the U.S. House of Representatives, he won the vacated seat in the U.S. Senate, and 5 years later was elected.
On January 20, 2009, Barack Obama took office and became the 44th President of the United States. He defeated the Republican presidential nominee John McCain, the history will retain his political slogan '' Yes, We can ''.

Axel Sahlaoui.

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Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii, is an American politician. First senator of the State of Illinois, he became the 44th President of the United States after being elected on November 4, 2008. He was re-elected in November 2012. He is the first African American to become president. He took up his duties on 20 January 2009. In October 2009, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He was re-elected president in November 2012, triumphing over the Republican candidate Mitt Romney. Barack obama fought for the rights of the blacks and is an example for them because he managed to rise to the top of the world's leading power.

Quentin Telermann

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The Ku Klux Klan, often referred to by the acronym "KKK", is a white supremacist organization in the United States founded on December 24, 1865.

Let us recall that racism and ethnic discrimination in the United States have been a major problem since colonial times and the era of slavery, today we can say that enormous progress has been made but that some individuals still have racist and discriminatory attitudes .

The KKs? It is the guys with their pointed hoods and burning crosses who advocate white supremacy over others. In addition to the fact that thinking that a man's value is measured by his colour is completely stupid, there is also the problem of acts of violence that can lead to death or barbaric acts.

Who are they and what do they really want?

The KKK was born out of the frustration (some people talk about humiliation) of the southern states of the United States to have an egalitarian policy imposed on them by the North after the Civil War. People like James R. Crowe or John C. Lester, have succeeded in creating an assembly of people to "save the nation".  It was not until the 1870s that the Senate succeeded in outlawing the KKK. The law was passed on 20 April 1871 and several thousand members of the Ku Klux Klan were arrested. But without proof, most activists were released.
Unfortunately, in 1877 power was given to the democrats (white supremacists) who passed laws more horrible one than the other, such as the famous Jim Crow laws.

So it took people like Rosa Parks, James Baldwin and Barack Obama to fight for the rights of black people.
Unfortunately, the KKK is still present today, with a small number of staff.
Mathis R

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Martin Luther King was born from a pastor family, he became pastor himself in 1954. When Rosa Parks was arrested after not giving her place in a bus to a white people he created a support movement and boycott the bus company for a whole year. After this year the supreme court decided that the fault was to the bus company.
After that he create the SCLC which extol non-violence and search to get right for the black people. His fame allowed him to give a speech in front of 250 000 on  August 28, 1963 people wich is famous for his inspiring name : "I have a dream". The violence of the police and the harassment of segregationists in the face of peaceful struggles generated a wave of sympathy among public opinion for the civil rights movement. En 1964, Martin Luther King reçoit le Prix Nobel de la Paix. La plupart des droits pour lesquels il milite sont votés comme lois avec le Civil Rights Act de 1964 et le Voting Rights Act de 1965.  Martin Luther King was murdered by a white segregationist on April 4, 1968 in Memphis while supporting a garbage strike.

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For many years, Martin Luther King fought against racial segregation, for years his goal was to free the black population.
His first "success" was the organization of a boycott of the City of Montgomery bus company that tolerated segregation on its bus. Despite the intimidation, the boycott lasted a year until the Supreme Court ruled against the bus company. Martin Luther King advocated Gandhi's principles of non-violence, hence the victory of his civil rights movement. On August 28, 1963, during a march on Washington, Martin Luther King gave a speech, which became very famous, to 250 000 people : "I have a dream". The following year, President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act to end discrimination, in the presence of Martin Luther King. In 1964, Martin Luther King receveid the Nobel Peace Prize.
This man has been a great figure in the fight against racial segregation.

Pomaret Méline, TES2

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Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African-American civil rights activist in the 50's. Parks is known for what she did in her home town of Montgomery in Alabama on December 1, 1955. While she was seated in the middle of the bus, the bus driver told her to move to the back of the bus so that a white person could take the seat. Parks refused to move. She was arrested after the driver called the police and this led to the boycott of the bus company led by Martin L. King. The boycott lasted 381 days.  It caused a change in the law. After that, black people could sit wherever they wanted to on the bus. Parks was a respected working woman. She was well-spoken, and her case would be a good way to challenge the law. Rosa Parks was a heroine for the black community, her actions led to great changes for black people and in America's history along with Martin L. King.

VERREZ Lina TES2

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Harlem Renaissance was an African-American artistic and intellectual movement that flourished in 1920's. There were a lot of artists like Langston Hughes, who wrote a poem.
The message of this poem is the denunciation of the stereotypes about black people: white people think the blacks are only good for the kitchen. It's racism, and it's a message for the blacks because when the white decide to say " black in the kitchen". It's not highly discriminatory. Ironically,the blacks could grow up and become strong. You can't eat with the white, but you can eat ! It's a message of hope for the slaves.
It's the idea oh the Harlem Renaissance, the blacks who are slaves or exploited can take a place in society. And I think when blacks read the poem and read other creations of artists of the movement, they realised the destiny of their lives was not slavery. They can work like other white people : artists, commercial... They can do whatever they want.

Amaury Martinez TES2

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In the 1850s, the country was divided between pro-slaves southerners and northern abolitionists. Published in 1852, the novel almost instantly became a best-seller and had such an impact that it is said to have triggered the Civil War (1861-1865).
Stowe was a white teacher and an active abolitionist who really believed that Christian love could overcome slavery.
The book depicts the reality of slavery and helped popoularize a number of stereotypes about black people, such as the Uncle Tom": a dutiful; long-suffering servant faithful to his master and mistress.
However, the book was strongly criticized because, although she was a fierce abolitionist, Harriet Beecher Stowe still depicts the slaves as inferior to the whites.