# data[].attributes.body
Active monitoring requires the use of a microbiological air sampler to physically draw a known volume of air over, or through, a particle collection device and there are two main types.

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a digital logic gate that gives a true output when the number of true inputs is odd. An XOR gate implements an exclusive or; that is, a true output results if one, and only one, of the inputs to the gate is true. If both inputs are false or both are true, a false output results.

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a digital logic gate whose function is the logical complement of the exclusive OR gate. The two-input version implements logical equality, behaving according to the truth table to the right, and hence the gate is sometimes called an "equivalence gate".

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is the application of engineering to the development of software in a systematic method.

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is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, computer science, and others.

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a machine—especially one programmable by a computer— capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded within.

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is a digital logic gate that implements logical disjunction – it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output results if one or both the inputs to the gate are HIGH. If neither input is high, a LOW output results.

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gate is a logic gate which implements logical negation. The truth table is shown on the right.

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a logic gate which produces an output which is false only if all its inputs are true; thus its output is complement to that of an AND gate. A LOW output results only if all the inputs to the gate are HIGH; if any input is LOW, a HIGH output results.

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a basic digital logic gate that implements logical conjunction - it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output results only if all the inputs to the AND gate are HIGH. If none or not all inputs to the AND gate are HIGH, a LOW output results.

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Computer-aided process planning is the use of computer technology to aid in the process planning of a part or product, in manufacturing. CAPP is the link between CAD and CAM in that it provides for the planning of the process to be used in producing a designed part.

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computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software 

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computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software 

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Computer-aided manufacturing is the use of software to control machine tools and related ones in the manufacturing of workpieces.

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a coding system using the binary digits 0 and 1 to represent a letter, digit, or other character in a computer or other electronic device.

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a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.

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An autonomous robot is a robot that performs behaviors or tasks with a high degree of autonomy. Autonomous robotics is usually considered to be a subfield of artificial intelligence, robotics, and information engineering. Early versions were proposed and demonstrated by

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a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.

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A Zener diode is a particular type of diode that, unlike a normal one, allows current to flow not only from its anode to its cathode, but also in the reverse direction, when the Zener voltage is reached. Zener diodes have a highly doped p-n junction.

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Watt's Law states that: Power (in Watts) = Voltage (in Volts) x Current (in Amps) P = V I Combining with Ohm's law we get two other useful forms: P = V*V / R and P = I*I*R Power is a measurement of the amount of work that can be done with the circuit, such as turning a motor or lighiting a light bulb.

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the SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the power in an electric circuit in which the potential difference is one volt and the current one ampere.

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A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter), is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance. Analog multimeters use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display readings.

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A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit; digital voltmeters give a numerical display of voltage by use of an analog to digital converter.

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an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts.

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the SI unit of electromotive force, the difference of potential that would drive one ampere of current against one ohm resistance.

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A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat.

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The valence shell is the outermost shell of an atom in its uncombined state, which contains the electrons most likely to account for the nature of any reactions involving the atom and of the bonding interactions it has with other atoms

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solve serious problems for a company or other organization.

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a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification

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a device for making and breaking the connection in an electric circuit.

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a stationary electric charge, typically produced by friction, which causes sparks or crackling or the attraction of dust or hair.

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A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. ... In the 1970s the solderless breadboard ( a.k.a. plugboard, a terminal array board) became available and nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to these. Because the solderless breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable.

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A solar cell (or a "photovoltaic" cell) is a device that converts photons from the sun (solar light) into electricity. In general, a solar cell that includes bothsolar and nonsolar sources of light (such as photons from incandescent bulbs) is termed a photovoltaic cell.

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A combination circuit is one that has a "combination" of series and parallel paths for the electricity to flow. Its properties are a combination of the two.

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A series circuit is a circuit in which resistors are arranged in a chain, so the current has only one path to take. The current is the same through each resistor.

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a device which detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it.

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a solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, either due to the addition of an impurity or because of temperature effects. Devices made of semiconductors, notably silicon, are essential components of most electronic circuits.

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rechargeable battery, storage battery, secondary cell, or accumulator is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use.

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An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit.

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A schematic, or schematic diagram, is a representation of the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures.

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a device for giving light, either one consisting of an electric bulb together with its holder and shade or cover, or one burning gas or a liquid fuel and consisting of a wick or mantle and a glass shade.

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A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence.

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In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time. This law means that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to another.

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an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

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mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components or electrical components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate.

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the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.

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he nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices.

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An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smartphones, and electric cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode.

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An atom a fundamental piece of matter. ... An atom itself is made up of three tiny kinds of particles called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and the neutrons make up the center of the atom called the nucleus and the electrons fly around above the nucleus in a small cloud.

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an instrument for measuring electric current in amperes.

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American wire gauge (AWG), also known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a logarithmic stepped standardized wire gauge system used since 1857, predominantly in North America, for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire

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an electric current that reverses its direction many times a second at regular intervals, typically used in power supplies.

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a short, slender, sharp-pointed metal pin with a raised helical thread running around it and a slotted head, used to join things together by being rotated so that it pierces wood or other material and is held tightly in place.

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a device for controlling the passage of fluid or air through a pipe, duct, etc., especially an automatic device allowing movement in one direction only.

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a wheel with a grooved rim around which a cord passes. It acts to change the direction of a force applied to the cord and is chiefly used (typically in combination) to raise heavy weights.

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a plane inclined at an angle to the horizontal.

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A hydraulic drive system is a quasi-hydrostatic drive or transmission system that uses pressurizedhydraulic fluid to power hydraulic machinery. The term hydrostatic refers to the transfer of energy from pressure differences, not from the kinetic energy of the flow.

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a unit of power equal to 550 foot-pounds per second (745.7 watts)

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the ratio between the rates at which the last and first gears rotate.

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one of a set of toothed wheels that work together to alter the relation between the speed of a driving mechanism (such as the engine of a vehicle or the crank of a bicycle) and the speed of the driven parts (the wheels).

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the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.

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strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement.

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a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action.Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.

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a motor commonly of the turbine type that is driven by water or compressed air.

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power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.

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a piston chamber in a steam or internal combustion engine.

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a continuous band of material used in machinery for transferring motion from one wheel to another.

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a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts.

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a device that converts power (using an electric motor, diesel or gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in pressurized air(i.e., compressed air).

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a component of a machine that is responsible for moving and controlling a mechanism or system, for example by opening a valve. In simple terms, it is a "mover".

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Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measurement of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow. Thermal resistance is the reciprocal ofthermal conductance. (Absolute) thermal resistance R in K/W is a property of a particular component.

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the degree to which a specified material conducts electricity, calculated as the ratio of the current density in the material to the electric field that causes the flow of current. It is the reciprocal of the resistivity.

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the resistance of a material to breaking under tension.

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Nondestructive testing is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and technology industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage.

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Strain is the response of a system to an applied stress. When a material is loaded with a force, it produces a stress, which then causes a material to deform. Engineering strain is defined as the amount of deformation in the direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the material

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the temperature at which a given solid will melt.

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A shear stress, often denoted by τ (Greek: tau), is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section.Shear stress arises from the force vector component parallel to the cross section of the material.

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Industrial radiography is a method of non-destructivetesting where many types of manufactured components can be examined to verify the internal structure and integrity of the specimen. IndustrialRadiography can be performed utilizing either X-rays or gamma rays. Both are forms of electromagnetic radiation.

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the quality of being easily shaped or molded.

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Ultrasonic inspection (UT) is a non-destructive testmethod that utilizes sound waves to detect cracks and defects in parts and materials. It can also be used to determine a material's thickness, such as measuring the wall thickness of a pipe.

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a nanoscale rod made of semiconducting material, used in miniature transistors and some laser applications.

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are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. These cylindrical carbon molecules have unusual properties, which are valuable for nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science and technology.

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the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometers, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.

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a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.

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a nanoscale particle.

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a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typically malleable or ductile. A metal may be a chemical element such as iron, or an alloy such as stainless steel.

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a measure of the resisting power of a specified material to the flow of an electric current.

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The interdisciplinary field of materials science, also commonly termed materials science and engineering is the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids.

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is the general engineering practice of designing products in such a way that they are easy to manufacture.