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After a long period of fighting with Japan, the Communists were in charge of the country and they aimed to transform China into a powerful socialist society.

Generally, economy planning is a necessity in socialism. Because socialism involves the intervention of the government, a planned economy is needed to be established. Planned or command economy, a system in which the government takes whole power of the economy.

The goals of the First Five-year Plan is to fully stress on the economic growth of China through industrial projects rather than agriculture improvements. "To achieve the goals of the First Five-Year Plan, the Chinese government opted to follow the Soviet model of economic development." ( Mack, Lauren. "Chinese History: First Five-Year Plan (1953-57)." ThoughtCo, Mar. 11, 2018, thoughtco.com/chinese-history-first-five-year-plan-1953-57-688002. )

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For instance, the first 5-year plans best exemplifies the others as it is the most widely known. The achievements that it gained was also quite notable so when we analyze them,  it is fairly easy to evaluate its success.
Below are the key points of the result of the first 5-year plan- an economic program that ran from 1953-1957.
-  The focus were no longer on rural areas but now shifted to the urban. The government emphasized its power on industrial projects. "Industrial output more than doubled, with an annual growth rate of 16 per cent...Overall the largest increases in output were in steel, coal and petrochemicals, with coal production increasing 98 per cent between 1952 and 1957."( Rebecca Cairns, The First Five Year Plan, Alpha History 1)
- But these advanced achievements worsened the imbalance between the rural and urban areas since it stimulated the industrial section so much while neglecting the agricultural part.
- Therefore, admittedly, the focus on industrial projects enhanced life in the urban. Population also increased from 57 millions to 100 millions during the era. Life expectancy ascended drastically from 36 to 57 years. Housing standards upgrades and industrial output increased by 40 per cent. Workplaces were organized on a socialist basis. Citizens invested in housing, medical care and education facilities. "Mao saw the political benefits of such improvements, saying in 1957 that “If China becomes prosperous, just like the standard of living in the Western world then [people] will not want revolution”. (Rebecca Cairns, "The First Five Year Plan, Alpha History" 1)

-  The government took power in mostly every distributions of land, ownership and food. The slow development of rural areas resulted in the inadequate amount of crops that could not keep pace with the constant high demand in the urban.
Evaluation: Overall, the first Five-Year plan is considered an enormous success. It brought enhancement to life, although not equally in both rural and urban areas. Nevertheless, as a beginning of the rapid industrialization, its impressive achievements made us to admit its undeniable successfulness.

(R. Cairns, “The First Five Year Plan, Alpha History, https://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/first-five-year-plan/)

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THE SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN - THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD

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THE SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN - THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD

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In order to expand the success of the first Five-year plan, Mao aimed the second campaign called "The Great Leap Forward". The purpose of it is to rapidly transform China into a powerful socialist society through industrialization and collectivization.  The campaign required collective farms, called "communes", in which peasants work together and private farming was prohibited. Workers were put under social pressure and unrealistic expectations. Several consequences are:
- Labor was only profiting the state, resulting in the lack of incentives of peasants. They also experience forced labor. Revolutions and rebellions occurred.
- Lack of central planning, which is also the chief cause of the whole failure, embedded the mentality of hard work into workers' mind. If they had not had any machines, they would use their bare hands and gave out low quality goods and did not benefit the government. "They also show that over 80% of the decline in grain output is attributable to the policies of excessive procurement and resource diversion" (An, Mark Yuying & Li, Wei & Yang, Dennis Tao, 2001. "China's Great Leap: Forward or Backward? Anatomy of a Central Planning Disaster," CEPR Discussion Papers 2824, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.)
- 30-40 millions people died of starvation. The diversion of labor away from agriculture project resulted in the decline of food.
Evaluation: The second Five-Year plan was a big failure due to the rush desire of transforming China into a powerful socialist country, resulting in the lack of central planning and later considered as the major cause of the Great China Famine in 1959-1961.

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