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June 13, 1966: Miranda v. Arizona Ruling

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June 13, 1966: Miranda v. Arizona Ruling

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- The Supreme Court expanded the rights of people accused of crimes in the Miranda v. Arizona case.
- They ruled that police must inform suspects of their rights during the arrest process to prevent self-discrimination because it is their constitutional right.

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- A failed invasion to overthrow Cuba's leader, allies with the Soviet, under JFK's presidency; however, it goes back to Eisenhower's presidency too.
- Eisenhower allowed the CIA to train Cuban Rebels (La Brigado) to overthrow Catro under the premise that it would trigger a mass uprising
- When Kennedy became president, he were under the impression that the invasion was supported by the Cubans so he approved of the invasion.
- The badly organized invasion was one of Kennedy's failures during his presidency.

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November 4, 1952: Dwight D. Eisenhower is elected as president

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November 4, 1952: Dwight D. Eisenhower is elected as president

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- During Eisenhower presidency in the Cold War, the US fought under the policy of Brinkmanship.
- It was the willingness to go to the brink of war to force the enemy to back down.

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August 1964: Economic Opportunity Act is enacted

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August 1964: Economic Opportunity Act is enacted

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- Under Lyndon B Johnson's vison for his Great Society, he wanted to fight the War on poverty with the EOA.
- It provided job trainings, loans for small businesses, and the Community Action Program
- For youths funds were provided for youth programs, education programs, and the Job Corps Youth Training Program.

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red- ch 18 (Cold War)
orange- ch 19 (Postwar Boom)
green- ch 20 (New Frontier and the Great Society)
blue - ch 21 (Civil Rights Movement)
purple- ch 22 (Vietnam War)

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-  Protestors marched from Selma to Montgomery to demand voting rights for African Americans, but were met with extreme violence by the state troopers on that Sunday.
- The peace protestors were whipped, attacked, and tear gassed. The brutality was televised; it brought attention to the inequality AA's faced.

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March 26, 1953: Dr. Jonas Salk develops Polio Vaccine

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March 26, 1953: Dr. Jonas Salk develops Polio Vaccine

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- A medical advancement in the fifties, Dr. Salk successfully developed  a safe vaccine for the crippling disease: polio.
- Babies were more common to be infected with the crippling disease: polio. With the baby boom the population grew with the younger generation.

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- Allied Powers' plans to rebuild Germany differed from the Soviet Unions and since Soviet Union had control of East Germany where East Berlin was located they blockaded East Berlin.
- Stalin wanted to prevent the residents of East Berlin from escaping to West Berlin. The Allies started the Berlin Airlift to aid the resident in resource. After 15 months, the blockade was lifted
- The Berlin Crisis showed the US's commitment to the containment theory and to Berlin.

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February 1946: George F. Kennan proposes Containment Theory 

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February 1946: George F. Kennan proposes Containment Theory 

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- The Containment Theory recognized that nations lost to Soviet Union but the US could prevent communism from spreading to extended nations.
- Under Harry Truman, in the Cold War he followed the Containment Theory when fighting against the threat of communism.

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June 6, 1968: Robert F. Kennedy is assassinated  

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June 6, 1968: Robert F. Kennedy is assassinated  

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- RFK was shot by Sirhan Sirhan who opposed his support of Israel
- Before his assassination he was a strong candidate for the Democratic primary and opposed escalation of the Vietnam War
- His assassination lead to Nixon's presidency which would further involved the US's involvement in Vietnam.

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July 2, 1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964 is signed

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July 2, 1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964 is signed

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- For years Black Americans have fought for equality and with the momentum of the Civil Rights Movement, the law was signed by Lyndon B Johnson.
- Discrimination in workplace and public areas was banned, federal power to prosecute civil rights abuse was increased, and it allowed withholding of federal funds in any public programs that supported discrimination.

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October 14, 1962: Missiles in Cuba are revealed

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October 14, 1962: Missiles in Cuba are revealed

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- After the US cut ties with Cuba, Cuba turned to the USSR for military and economic aid in 1961, however, a year later in October, it was revealed that there were missiles in Cuba planted by the Soviet Union.
-The United States was afraid the USSR would attack from Cuba as the flow of weapons to Cuba increased. The missiles in Cuba could reach America. Turning the Cold War into a nuclear war. The missiles in Cuba could reach America.
- JFK practiced brickmanship to avoid a nuclear war. He secretly agreed to remove the missiles from Turkey for the Soviet Union to remove their missiles from Cuba.

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December 31, 1970: Tonkin Gulf Resolution is repealed

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December 31, 1970: Tonkin Gulf Resolution is repealed

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- The Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964) gave presidents full military power, it allowed Johnson to escalate our involvement in Vietnam by sending more troops.
- It was repealed to avoid even more involvement in the Vietnam War during Nixon's presidency.

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- US platoon massacred innocent villagers in the small village of My Lai. Americans learned about the event a year later in November.
- It furthered divided the country as if the US were now becoming the enemy. More opinions of war and the government shifted towards we were doing more harm then good

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- Over 200k people marched in Washington DC to put pressure on congress to pass a strong Civil Rights Bill and MLK presented his "I have a dream" speech inspiring both White and Black Americans.

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- New Year's Eve for the Vietnamese, The North’s army and the Vietcong launched a surprise attack on the South and eventually took control over major South cities.
- For the US it was considered a victory because the Viet Cong was finally defeated, but however, it led to more distrust towards the US government since the public was shocked at how the North was able to launch a well-coordinated attack.

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May 17, 1954: Brown vs Board of Education Ruling

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May 17, 1954: Brown vs Board of Education Ruling

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- It ruled segregation in public schools as unconstitutional and overturned the separate but equal doctrine which enabled legal extreme racial segregations restricted many African American rights.

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- North Korea under communism invaded South Korea signaling the beginning of the Korean War. The war left North and South Korea split, but prevented South Korea's fall to communism.
- Under Truman's containment policy, it was considered a win, but a failure too as the 38th parallel reestablished and the death rates were high