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Maria Skudowska was born in 1867 in Warsaw and was the fifth child of a well-to-do family. Her father, Władysław Skłodowski, was a teacher of physics and mathematics and deputy director of a girls' high school in Warsaw, while her mother, Maria, who belonged to an aristocratic family but could not afford it, was a schoolteacher.

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In 1903 Maria Curie received her PhD from the Sorbonne University with honors. The same year, the Curie couple were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, which they shared with Henri Becquerel. Also in 1903 they were awarded the Davy Prize by the Royal Society of London. The following year they received the Mateucci Award. In 1906, Marie Curie became the first woman in France to be awarded a university degree, [36] and she was also the first woman to give a lecture at the Sorbonne University. In 1911 she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry by the Swedish Academy of Sciences [37], although a few months earlier the French Academy of Sciences had refused [38] to admit her as a member.

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In 1903 Maria Curie received her PhD from the Sorbonne University with honors. The same year, the Curie couple were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, which they shared with Henri Becquerel. Also in 1903 they were awarded the Davy Prize by the Royal Society of London. The following year they received the Mateucci Award. In 1906, Marie Curie became the first woman in France to be awarded a university degree, [36] and she was also the first woman to give a lecture at the Sorbonne University. In 1911 she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry by the Swedish Academy of Sciences [37], although a few months earlier the French Academy of Sciences had refused [38] to admit her as a member.

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Curie last visited Poland in early 1934. A few months later, on July 4, 1934, she died at a sanatorium in Passy, ​​Upper Savoy, of aplastic anemia believed to have been caused by her long-term exposure to radiation. The harmful effects of ionizing radiation were unknown at the time of its operation, which was carried out without taking into account the safety parameters that were developed later. She often carried test tubes containing isotopes in her pocket and saved them money.