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Junkers- landowners
Pogroms- To demolish violently
Realpolitik- Justifies the means (real politics)
Russification- common language
Nationalism- Belief in the interests nation of primary importance

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1.What are the characteristics of the colonial system and latin America in the 19th century?

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1.What are the characteristics of the colonial system and latin America in the 19th century?

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-Colonial governments me a route the Home governments
- Catholicism had a strong influence on development of the colonies
- A major element of the Economy was the mining of precious metals for export
-Major cities were stab list as outpost of colonial Authority
-Havana
-Mexico City
-Lima
-Sao Paulo
-Buenos Aires

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2.How did Spain and Portugal maintain control of their Latin American domains ?

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2.How did Spain and Portugal maintain control of their Latin American domains ?

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- mestizo
-Creoles
-viceroys/ colonial officers

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3.How did the French and American revolutions influence Latin American independence movements?

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3.How did the French and American revolutions influence Latin American independence movements?

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-Slaves in Haiti rebuild, abolish slavery, and one independence
-Father Miguel Hidalgo started the Mexican independence movement
-Independence came to French, Spanish, & Portuguese colonies.

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4.What were the contributions of Toussaint L’ Ouverture and Simone bolivar to resolutions in Latin America ?

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4.What were the contributions of Toussaint L’ Ouverture and Simone bolivar to resolutions in Latin America ?

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Toussaint L’ Ouverture
- Former slave who led Haitian rebellion against French
-Defeated the owners of three foreign powers Spain, France, and Britain

Simone bolivar
-Native resident who lead revolutionary effort
-Liberated the northern areas of Latin America

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5.How did the Monroe doctrine impact revolutions in Latin  America?

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5.How did the Monroe doctrine impact revolutions in Latin  America?

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-The Monroe doctrine was issued by American president, James Madison in 1863
- Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independent
- The United States would egard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on an independent state in the western hemisphere.

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7.What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna?

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7.What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna?

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- “Balance of power” Doctrine
-Restoration of monarchies
-New political map of Europe
-New political philosophies (liberalism, conservatism)

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8.How did nationalism and democracy influence national revolutions?

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8.How did nationalism and democracy influence national revolutions?

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-National pride, economic competition, and democratic ideals stimulated the growth of nationalism
-The term of the Congress of the Anna let’s widespread this content in Europe especially in Italy and German states.Unsuccessful revolutions of 1848 increased nationalist tension.
-In contrast to continental Europe, Great Britain expanded political rights to legislative means and made slavery illegal in the British Empire

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-Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French domination
-Napoleonic code
-Awakened feelings of national pride and growth of nationalism

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9. What events led to the unification of Italy?

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9. What events led to the unification of Italy?

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-Count Covour for unified northern Italy
- GIuseppe Garibaldi joined southern Italy To northern Italy
-The Papal states including Rome became the last to join Italy

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10.What role did Otto Von Bismarck play in the unification of Germany?

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10.What role did Otto Von Bismarck play in the unification of Germany?

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-Led prussia in the unification of Germany to war in by appealing to nationalist feelings
-Bismarks actions were seen as an example of realpolitik, which justifies all means to achieve and hold power
-The Franco-Prussian war led to the creation of German state