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A rule in the U.S. Congress by which members have their choice of committee assignments in order of rank based solely on length of service. 2 : a rule in the U.S. Congress by which the member of the majority party who has served longest on a committee receives the chairmanship

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Cloture is the ending a debate and taking a vote usually ending a filibuster

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Filibuster is a long drawn out speech to try and void a vote until changes are made in favor of party doing the filibuster.

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united states congress (governmental body)

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Ted Cruz Reads Green Eggs And Ham Ted Cruz Filibuster 9-25-13

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Ted Cruz Reads Green Eggs And Ham on the Senate floor, during one of the longest speeches in the history of Congress, to show the American peoples discontent with The Affordable Care Act aka Obamacare

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select committees are a small legislative committee appointed for a special purpose. These often are for investigative purpose.

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Party caucus/conference are closed door meeting of the Democrats/Republican in congress.

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The duties of the whip are to assist the respected leader of the party, ensure member attendance, count votes and generally communicate the party's position.

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The Minority Leader is to act as the chief spokesperson for the their respective/minority party

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the majority leader is the chief spokesperson for the majority party

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A bill a piece of legislation that is reviewed to become law.

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A joint committee of the United States Congress is a Congressional  committee consisting of both Senate and House members and having jurisdiction over matters of joint interest.

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United States Senate Committee on Finance

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United States Senate Committee on Finance

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Standing Committee is a permanent committee that meets regularly.

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John Cornyn

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Dick Durbin

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Chuck Schumer

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Mitch Mcconnell

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President Pro Tempore of the Senate Orrin Hatch

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President Pro Tempore of the Senate Orrin Hatch

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The Pro Tem is elected by the Senate member to preside in the absents of the Vice President.

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presides over the Senate only on ceremonial occasions or when a tie-breaking vote may be needed.