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Through out the year we have used many different models to display and learn about the Human Anatomy. Some examples these are a sheep's eyeball, drawings and a cock roach leg. I know it seems crazy that a sheep eyeball or a cock roach's can describe and relate to a human but here is how.

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Using a spiker box and coach roach leg, we could see how electrical impulses can are used in a neurotransmission. It causes the muscle to move and mimic a signal being transported from the brain/CNS.

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Even as the Sheep eyeball does have slightly different eyeball parts, it is generally the same shape and most of the same components, such as the Pupil, Sclera, Iris, Optic Nerve, and Muscles . It is allows you to understand how the many pieces work together without ever having to actually open a human eyeball.

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1. The cockroach starts at the chemical level like Na+ and K+ passing through the membrane at the ligand-gated and voltage gated channels. Atoms are at this level and come together to create everything ever.
2. The Organelles have the chemicals and atoms passing through and coming together to create the organelles
3. The Cell then holds all of the organelles within it's self.
4. Many cells, with one right next to each other, create a tissue. There are many different typed of tissue for many purposes, like epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
4. These different tissues create different organs.
5. All together the organs create an organ system
6. Everything previously mentioned is with the organism its self to create the living cockroach, what was once living leg.

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The Levels of Hierarchy are organized from most simple to most complex. Also known as the smallest to the biggest.

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Cock Roach keeps Homeostasis even as leg gets ripped off!

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Cock Roach keeps Homeostasis even as leg gets ripped off!

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Homeostasis is the process of the body maintaining it's internal balance. When the cock roach's leg gets ripped off then homeostasis is at risk and their is a risk of the cock roach dying. The Cock Roach's body tries to keep homeostasis by regrowing a leg. It rebalances the homeostasis after a stimulus like losing a leg.

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Yes, humans do keep homeostasis trough the many systems in the body.
1. The body detects a stimulus in the body where Na+ rushes into the body. When the charge inside the membrane reaches -55mV then it turns from a graded potential to a action potential and the body.
2. The body reacts to the stimulus.
3. After Na+ rushes into the cell making it more less polar, the membrane needs to re-polarize and the K+ channels open very slowly.
4. When the Membrane is at -70mV, the K+ channels close slowly.
5. Since it closes so slowly it it becomes Hyper polarized and the Na+/K+ pump returns the membrane to it's resting potential.

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This skeleton, named Margie, has different colored sparkly pipe cleaners so it is easier to  describe the Language of Anatomy.

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The small red post-it on Margie's head is superior to the rest of the body. The light red/pink sparkly pipe cleaner that is on the skeletons ribs is anterior, ventral to the spine. The blue pipe cleaner around the spine is posterior,dorsal to the ribs and sternum. It is also superior to the hips while being inferior to their shoulders. Margie is wearing a bracelet on her left wrist. The bracelet is lateral to the left of Margie's body. The bracelet is also anterior to the shoulder and elbow but more ventral compared to the hand. Her anklet, which is a green sparkly pipe cleaner, is the most anterior the rest of the pipe cleaners. Margie's green anklet is superficial to the bone that is it on, resting on the

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We made a frontal plane cut in the cockroach on the bottom right leg, where the leg meets the body as the roach legs on it's back/posterior side. We then set the cockroach on the spiker box and put a needle in the leg superior to the knee. Then another just anterior to the knee. The needles were both set in the cockroach in the sagittal plane.

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Structure and Function? How can those relate? 

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Structure and Function? How can those relate? 

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The structure of and object or animal will allow the desired function to occur. If it had a different Structure the Function would have to be different as well.

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Structure and Function of the Cockroach Leg 

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Structure and Function of the Cockroach Leg 

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While we are using the idea of sending electrical signals to cause a neurotransmission. The electrical signals are sent by the action potentials. The cockroach leg has Na+ in it to start the graded and action potentials. There are proteins in the leg, but they are too big for to cross the membrane. The Na+ has a structure small enough to start the Action Potentials. If the structure of Na+ was bigger then the function of starting action and graded potentials would not be able to happen.

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This fabric is very similar to the connective tissue where this is flexible and cushions whatever the fabric is holding in, just as a connective tissue will cushion a joint of your knee or elbow. It will also go back to it’s shape after it is smushed or stretched. If it's structure changed it would not be able to cushion.

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That about sums up what we learned during first semester. Now it is time to relax and have fun this winter break. Thank you for a great first semester!