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Characteristics that are similar about you, how you are the same person

Your personality is expressed through Typical Behavior Pattern that are tied together organized into a pattern of behavior

Your behavior is compiled of roles

This is also called your Persona

Self Concept - Pictures you carry around in your head about yourself

Social Self - How others perceive you

*Are both of these congruent or incongruent*

Body Self - Physical traits and abilities

Self Fulfilling Prophecy -  Your perform how people you to

Private Self - Your inner world your feelings and attitudes you don't share with others

Dr.Sigman Freud

ID - EGO - SUPEREGO

ID  - Dark Desires

EGO - Easy Driven

Object Personality Test: - from outside sources/paper tests

3 types:
~Interview
~Observation
~Self Interview

T/F - MMPI
Agreement Scale
Adjective cheklist
Aspects rating

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Psychoanalytic Theory's Core Ideas

Sigmund Freud touched towards the free association in which he told the patient to relax and say whatever came to mind, no matter how embarrassing or trivial.

Free Association - In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrasing.

Psychoanalysis - Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions.

Unconscious - According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.

Personality Structure

In Freud's view, human personality -- including its emotions and strivings -- arises from a conflict between impulse and restraint -- between our aggressive, pleasure -- seeking biological urges and our internalized social controls over these urges.

Id - Unconscious and Evil desires ( BAD )

Ego - The largely conscious executive part of the personality that meditates among the demands of the id, superego and reality.

Super Ego - The part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations.

Personality Development

Analysis of his patients histories convinced Freud that personality forms during life's first few years. He concluded that children pass through a series of psychosexual stages

Psychosexual stages - The childhood stages of development during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure seeking energies focus on district erogenous zones.

Oedipus Complex - According to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Identification - The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos.

Fixation - According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure - seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.

Defense Mechanisms - In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

Repression - In Psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety - arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.

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Big on Psychoanalytic Theory/Psychodynamic Theory

Unconscious
Studied all men
Very sexist, bias
Obsessed with sex and aggression
Detailed dream analysis/Wrote many books
Blamed mom for everything
Explaining behavior over predicting behavior.

ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

Conscious mind. vs Inconscious Mind

Conscious Mind - EGO, SUPEREGO

Unconscious Mind - ID

ID -
Present at birth
Completely unconscious
Pleasure Principle - All needs should be satisfied immediately\

unsatisfied needs = anxiety

Wish Fulfillment - Forming a mental image of a situation that satisfies the instinct

*ID is the devil on your shoulder... ego is the angel on your shoulder*

Ego -
Controls thinking and reasoning
Operates in conscious and preconscious
Reality Principle - Safely and successfully meet needs of ID.

*ID and EGO... what type of person would they be?    Unsocial and Selfish

Superego -
Moral watchdog not present at birth
Comapres ego's actions to with ego ideal

Ego Ideal - Standard of excellence for ego to strive for.

Psychosexual Stages of Development

Oral Stage - (0-1.5) - Pleasure stage is in the mouth

Anal Stage - (1.5 - 3.5) - Pleasure Center is Anus and Elimination
~ Anal Retentive
~ Anal Expulsive

Phallic Stage  - (3.5 - 6) - Pleasure Center in genitals

~Jealousy of same sex parent
~Oedipus Complex: Replace father and marry mother
~ Electra Complex - replace mother and marry father
~ Penis Envy - Women's desire to possess same organ as men
~ Cinderella Complex - Fear of independence and want to be cared for by opposite sex
~ Peter Pan Complex - Don't want to grow up

Latency Period - (6-12) - Lose interest in opposite sex

Genital Stage ( Puberty ) - Full adult sexuality
Must work on fixations
Unresolved problems surface

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By the 1960s, some personality psychologists had become discontented with the some times bleak focus on drives and conflicts in psychodynamic theory and the mechanistic psychology of B.F Skinner's behaviorism.

In contrast to Freud's study of the base motives of sick people, these humanistic theorists focused on the ways people strive for self determination and self realization.

Humanistic theories - view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

Self - Actualization - According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem in achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential.

Abraham Maslow's Self - Actualizing Person

Maslow proposed that we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs. If our physiological needs are met, we become concerned with personal safety; if we achieve a sense of security, we then seek to love, to be loved, and to love ourselves

Malow developed his ideas by studying healthy, creative people rather than troubled clinical cases.

He based is description of self on a study of those such as Abraham Lincoln who seemed notable for their rich and productive lives.

These, said Maslow, are mature adult qualities, ones found in those who have learned enough about life to be compassionate and have outgrown their mixed feeling toward their parents, to have found their calling to have "acquired enough courage to be unpopular, to be unashamed about being openly virtuous, etc."

Evaluating Humanistic Theories

One thing said of Freud can also be said of the humanistic psychologists: Their impact has been pervasive.

Unconditional positive regard - According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person.

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The ego has a pretty important job... and that is to protect you from threatening thoughts in our unconscious

Repression - Forgetting situations that would cause painful emotions

Denial - Rejection an intolerable reality ( THATS NOT TRUE )

Rationalization - Substituting a more acceptable but false reason for one's behavior ( the teacher hates me, that is why I failed )

Reaction Formation - Modifying an anxiety causing impulse by performing in ways opposite to one's true

Projection - Seeing one's personality traits, attitudes, or faults in others but not in oneself. ( Trump saying Obama golfs too much )

Regression - Retreating to an earlier developmental level involving less mature responses ( boys when they are sick, allegedly )

Undoing - Atoning for and thus counteracting desires or acts that are regrettable

Sublimation - Re channeling unacceptable impulses into scoially approved activities

Displacement - Shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person.

Compensation - Covering up weaknesses or frustrations by over gratifying oneself in another area

Fantasy - Gratifying frustrated desires in imaginary achievements

Identification - Increasing one's feeling of self worth by identifying oneself with people or places of importance.

Intellectualization - People use extensive vocabulary to explain relatively simple terms

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2 types of tests: Objective and Projective

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2 types of tests: Objective and Projective

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Objective Personality Test: from outside - paper tests - standardized

~Interview
~Observation
~Self Interview

Projective Personality Test: from the inside - personal

~ Word Association Tests ( Stimulus words; Can explain response )
~ Thematic Apperception Test ( TAT ) - Uses Pictures and Imagination - Henry Murray

Rorschach Test - Inkblots by Hermann Rorschach

Projective Tests - Individualized, In depth

Objective Tests - Easy, Fast, Consistent Scoring

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Maslow
Self Actualization
The big 5 personality test
Freud

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Believed problems stem from tensions in childhood social situations; childhood feelings of inferiority

We try to overcome these feelings of inferiority
~Pros: Leads to trying harder
~Negatives: Overcompensation
~ Inferiority Complex: Im not good as him

Later found humanism

Birth Order impacts our personality as we develop

Oldest

Responsible
Smart
Leaders
Conformists
Ambitious

Middle Child

Peacemaker, Fairness obsessed, Flexible, Understanding, Cooperative

Youngest

Financially irresponsible, outgoing, charming, creative, independent, has special bond with oldest