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- The symptoms, including back or pelvic pain, difficulty urinating and urgent/and or frequent urination, mimic other diseases or disorders of the urinary system.

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- Can be a temporary (often acute) condition or can become a chronic condition resulting in the inability of the kidneys to filter waste from the blood;

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- Are clumps of calcium oxalate that can be found anywhere in the urinary tract;
- Kidney stones form when chemicals in the urine become concentrated enough to form a solid mass;
- They can cause pain in the back and sides, as well as blood in the urine;

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- Is a swelling of the prostate gland and therefore, can only occur in men;
- Often caused by advanced age, symptoms include urinary urgency and frequency, pelvic pain and pain during urination;

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Interstitial cystitis (bladder syndrome) 

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Interstitial cystitis (bladder syndrome) 

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- Is a chronic bladder condition, primarily in women, that causes bladder pressure and pain and, sometimes, pelvic pain to varying degrees;

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- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur when bacteria enters the urinary tract and can affect the urethra, bladder or even the kidneys;
- Incontinence: it can come in the form of a pelvic prolapse, which can result in leakage and can be the result of vaginal delivery;

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- The bladder is a hollow, balloon-shaped organ that is located in the pelvis.
- The bladder stores urine until the brain signals the bladder that the person is ready to empty it.
- To prevent leakage, circular muscles called sphincters close tightly around the opening of the bladder into the urethra;

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- Muscles in the ureter walls continuously tighten and relax urine away from the kidneys, according to the NIH;
- The male urethra is used to eliminate urine as well as semen during ejaculation;

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- Remove urea - waste product formed by the breakdown of proteins - from the blood through small filtering units called nephrons;
- From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes, called ureters, to the bladder. The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long (20 to 25 centimeters);

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- The urinary system works with the lungs, skin and intestines to maintain the balance of chemicals and water in the body;
- Diuretics that are sometimes used to treat high blood pressure, can also affect the amount of urine a person produces and eliminates;
- Some beverages, such as coffee and alcohol, can also cause increased urination in some people.

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- Produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys;
- The kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from blood;
- Urine travels from the kidneys through two thin tubes called ureters and fills the bladder;
- When the bladder is full, a person urinates through the urethra to eliminate the waste.