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6. How does an electric car work? Tesla Model S explained

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6. How does an electric car work? Tesla Model S explained

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How does an Electric Car work ? | Tesla Model S

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As a leading custom automotive lighting company, our passion drives us to stay on top of the latest auto trends--in this case electric car news.

Decades ago, the concept of an electric car for some, would have stirred up thoughts and images of a very futuristic, innovative and ( possibly flying) vehicle.

But as time dictates...

Electric vehicles, although not flying presently, are innovative and are predicted to be very much the norm.

According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance Forecast, "The Electric Car Revolution is Accelerating". It projects electric cars will outsell fossil-fuel powered vehicles by 2038.

It kind of makes you wonder how we got back here...

Electric cars were actually more popular than combustion engine cars, in the 1800's. In fact, the first electric car was created in 1832.

In this article, I'll cover what EV's are, with a little history, forecast (alluded to that already), advantages and disadvantages, efficiency--how they work, tax credit and opportunity for suppliers.

And more.

Because this post is lengthy, I've included a table of contents below for your quick reference (feel free to jump around):

Contents of Electric Vehicles News and Trends

1

An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using electrical energy stored in rechargeable batteries. (source: Wikipedia contributors. "Electric car." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. )

I'll let you in on a secret...

An electric car uses electricity to propel itself forward instead of gasoline. This same electric car though may or may not be driverless.

I'm bringing this to your attention because this article is not focused on autonomous driving. Although it seems self-driving cars tend to be electric powered rather than gas powered at the present moment, they do not have to be.
"The presumption is that self-driving cars will be electric because that technology is expected to be mature by the time self driving cars become available, and because Tesla is expected to be selling self-driving cars before anyone. But there's no reason they have to be electric. " Matt Wasserman, writer for Forbes.
Truth is autonomous technology is immensely disruptive to the auto industry. Many believe the shift to this technology and electrification go hand in hand.

Only time can answer the question:

What does the future realistically look like for self-driving cars in the auto sector?
Back to a little history...
As mentioned, the first electric car was created in 1832.

In 1897, electric vehicles were used for the first time commercially in the United States. A survey conveyed electric cars were ideal because they were safer, cleaner, quieter and more economical than gas powered cars. Also that an electric car has less parts and low maintenance costs, and you can charge them anywhere.

Let's insert 1908:
What happened?
Henry Ford introduced the mass produced and gasoline-powered Model T, which had a profound effect on the U.S. automobile market.

Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently. (Henry Ford - American industrialist, most known for the man behind the motorcar)

What do you think Henry Ford's take would be on the new shift to electric cars?

I think the most amazing part of the EV's -- is how long it's been around trying to navigate the bumpy road to full production.

I'll touch on the challenges in Chapter 3 (Pro's and Con's of Electric Vehicle) as to why it has not caught up with consumer adoption yet.

Let's fast forward to 2017 and beyond...

Time for some facts & figures.

According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance:

Electric cars will be as cheap as gasoline models by 2025. "In just 8 years, pushing the global fleet to 530 million vehicles by 2040".

In conjunction, battery manufacturing capacity will triple in the next four years.

This will help auto manufacturers build less expensive models, which will increase the consumer adoption level and ultimately consumption.

"The global shift toward electric vehicles will create upheaval for the auto industry: from oil majors harmed by reduced gasoline demand to spark plug and fuel injection manufacturers whose products aren't needed by plug-in cars."

While traditional car suppliers may be hurt by EV growth, some commodities will get a lift, according to BNEF. Graphite, Nickel and Aluminum will experience an increase in demand.

Vehicle lighting may also be at the forefront with the emerging electric car trend. Custom automotive lighting that is more efficient, requires lower power and is LED driven will be beneficial in electric vehicles. After all, they rely on any and all stored electricity from batteries.

In a separate report, conducted by Morgan Stanley; Batteries May Power Future of Auto Industry; it was predicted EVs sales will comprise 51% of the market by 2040 and could reach a dominant 69% by 2050.

Here's an excerpt from the article answering two questions:

1. "Why have battery electric cars never been successful before?"

2. "Why is it different this time?"

"We think the key answer is that political and scientific concerns about the impact of CO ² and particle emissions on public health have risen sharply," says Harald Hendrikse, who covers the European auto sector."

He goes on to say...

"These concerns are driving regulatory change all over the world, which is significantly raising the cost of developing and producing the internal combustion engine-both petrol and diesel."

This would eventually lead to more expensive engines and higher cost for the consumer and / or lower profit margins for automakers.

The full range of what can be expected can only be laid out in the advantages and disadvantages of the new electric cars.

Will they take the fast lane? Or bumpy dirt road?...

3

Electric Vehicles (EV) use electricity stored in batteries to power one or more electric motors instead of gasoline.

Let's take a closer look at the advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages to an Electric Vehicle:

no tailpipe

use no fuel, combustion, or exhaust systems

when the batteries need recharging, you simply plug it in

source: car insurance comparison Disadvantages to an Electric Vehicle:
the last pro is somewhat of a con...
What if you can't just plug it in?
Most owners of an electric car do handle the charging at home with private chargers. To enable a longer distance, they would need an EV charging station.

Not all is lost though.

According to Electrek, the U.S. now has 16,000 public electric vehicle charging stations with 43,000 connectors. In past years, it was almost non-existent.

The EV charging infrastructure in the United States still has a ways to go but it is making progress.

Is all this progress going to keep the EV car efficient?

4

This video will unveil the hidden technologies behind the Tesla Model S, which recently became the world's fastest accelerating car.

You will see how electric cars have achieved superior performance by "analyzing the technology behind the induction motor, inverter, lithium ion battery power source, regenerative braking and above all, the synchronized vehicle mechanism, in a logical, step-by-step manner".
How Does an Electric Car Work?
There are 6 important components of Electric Cars:

NJIT also discusses the most important parts including the battery, motor controller, electric engine, regenerative braking, drive system, energy efficiency and environmental impact.

Let's hone in on that last aspect--energy efficiency.

"It should come as no surprise that environmental impact is one of the most persuasive arguments for the electric car.

Research has indicated that even those all-electric vehicles charged using the dirtiest areas of the U.S. power grid still produce less pollution than gasoline-fueled cars. Electric vehicles reduce energy consumption in a number of ways, including by automatically turning the engine off while idle, which would not be efficient for conventional vehicles.

Plus, users of these cars can save $1,000 or more annually compared to the cost of a gasoline-fueled vehicle."

Logical next question...
What does it cost to charge an electric car?
The cost of electricity throughout the U.S. varies much more than gasoline does, but its cost over time is more stable.
Plug In America -- How Much Does it Cost to Charge an Electric Car?"All of the electricity we use in America is domestically produced, and that's a large part of why the cost remains stable. The average cost of electricity in the US is 12 cents per kWh. Therefore, the average person driving the average EV 15,000 miles per year pays about $540.00 per year to charge it.".Energy.gov - Alternate Fuels Data Center
The article above entails charging plug-in electric vehicles at home, complying with regulations and electricity costs.

Two great tools to help determine a vehicle cost:

Vehicle Cost Calculator (Department of Energy-DOE)

Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (Idaho National Laboratory)
The True Cost of Powering an Electric Car
"Focus on low kilowatt-hours, not cost per gallon
Is it easy to charge an electric car?
All electric cars come with a standard charging cable that plugs into the car and, via a domestic plug, into a normal wall socket. It's the same plug you'd find on your TV, which means you can charge at home in your garage or on your driveway if you have an outdoor socket.

TheChargingPoint wrote a Beginner's Guide on Electric Cars.

It covers:

Safety

Practicality

Charging

Range

Types

Charge time

Costs

Environment

Incentives

Weather

How long does it take to charge an electric car?
To answer this question you need to understand the different aspects of charging.

Fleetcarma does a great job at defining some of the key terms.

On-board charger: The actual charging device for Level 1 and Level 2 charging comes factory-installed and is called the "on-board charger."

Level 1 Charging: The slowest form of charging. Uses a plug to connect to the on-board charger and a standard household (120v) outlet.

Level 2 Charging: Uses an EVSE (electric vehicle service equipment) to provide power at 220v or 240v and up to 30 amps.

DC Fast Charging: Some refer to this charging as Level 3 charging. In this case, the charger is a gas pump-sized machine.

Compared to the time you need to fill your tank with gas, EV drivers face much longer charge times.
Typical Charging Times for Popular Vehicles Level 2 Charging (240V)

Nissan Leaf: 11-22 miles per hour

Ford Focus Electric: 22 miles per hour

Volkswagen e-Golf: 24 miles per hour

BMW i3: 28 miles per hour

Tesla Model S: 29-60 miles per hour

Chevy Volt: 11 miles per hour

DC Fast Charging

Nissan Leaf: 60-95 miles in 30 minutes

Ford Focus Electric: (no fast charging)

Volkswagen e-Golf: 60-83 miles in 30 minutes

BMW i3: 60-82 miles in 30 minutes

Tesla Model S: 170 miles in 30 minutes

Chevy Volt: (no fast charging)

[source: FleetCarma]

* level 1 approximately 4 miles per hour

The time to charge a car could be as little as 30 minutes or up to 12 hours. It depends on your battery size and the speed of the charging point and car.

Check out this great resource on everything you need to know about electric car charging.

5

According to U.S. News & World Report, the "federal electric car tax credit is only available on certain electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, and the maximum amount available on any vehicle is based on the capacity of its battery pack."

While all battery-electric vehicles presently available for sale are eligible for the full amount, not all plug-in hybrids are.

Here's a few facts:

1. Credit is only available for EV's that can be charged from an external source.

2. Credit also is only available on new vehicles (must come from the factory noted as "electric vehicles").

3. Pre-owned or those converted from gas to electricity are not eligible.

4. Those entitled to the credit, need to be the top name on the title of the vehicle.

5. Credit does not carry from year to year and it will only pay if you owe federal tax. (consult a tax professional for advice on alternative ways to help if you do not owe).

How Do You Obtain the Tax Credit for Your EV?
You'll need Form 8936 from the IRS for the most current year. The form is titled Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit.

Here are a few more helpful resources:
Plug-In Electric Drive Vehicle Credit (IRC 30D)Electric Vehicle Tax Credits: What You Need to Know Federal Tax Credits for All-Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles
"All-electric and plug-in hybrid cars purchased in or after 2010 may be eligible for a federal income tax credit of up to $7,500. The credit amount will vary based on the capacity of the battery used to power the vehicle. State and/or local incentives may also apply."

6

It may be the right time to fully embrace electrification.

"For traditional auto parts suppliers, the electric car may prove to be the meteor that wipes out the dinosaur."
image credit: Flickr Which Suppliers Will Survive the Electric Era?
A recent study from Paul Eichenberg; Detroit's Strategic Consultant for the Automotive Industry, concludes as many as "75 of the industry's top 100 suppliers will face irrelevance by 2030 unless they establish a niche in the market for electrified cars."

In addition in "2020 or 2021, Continental expects its electric drive business will generate sales of about $1.2 billion, up from an estimated $152 million this year. To fuel this growth, the company announced it would spend an additional $351 million by 2021 to develop EV products.

Some of the products they are developing are "EV charging systems, electric axles, AC/DC converters, battery management systems and electronics."
The Shift to Electric Vehicles is Accelerating - And Suppliers Should Take Notice
The looming adoption of EVs represents a tremendous opportunity for suppliers who are willing, able, and proactive enough to take advantage.

"The shift to electric cars means that OEMs (original equipment manufacturer) will be looking for suppliers who can use their expertise to make their lives easier, whether it be a component or more towards the software side."

If you are looking to break into the industry for the first time, consider the prototyping methodology models. It's important to understand prototype models are best utilized when the desired system needs to have a lot of interaction with end users.

It allows you to design a working "prototype" or early sample of what's to come.
Who Will Become the World's Biggest Electric-Car Battery Supplier?
Three major companies compete today to supply the lithium-ion cells that make up the bulk of today's electric-car battery market.
Daimler Reveals New Battery Supplier for Future EVs
"SK Innovation is planning to strengthen its position in the global battery market with differentiated performance and technology, while reinforcing relationship with the current customers such as Daimler, to prepare for strong growth of the electric vehicle market"
Suppliers Likely Won't See Big Money From EVs for Years
BorgWarner CEO sees slow growth. "I think in about five years is when you see that move up," BorgWarner CEO James Verrier said at the Deutsche Bank Global Auto Industry Conference".

"If today is the baseline, in years five, six, seven you're going to see that ramp up.

Then it's going to grow at 20 per cent? Eighteen per cent? Seventeen per cent? None of us knows. But to get to that, you're going to have to see an inflection point in years four and five."

For all my EV enthusiasts, National Drive Electric Week is an annual celebration and outreach effort that consists of EV activities staged in cities coast to coast and internationally.

The goal is to "share the experience of electric vehicle owners and bring information about the many reasons to adopt EVs to consumers, policymakers, the media, and the general public."

The future looks bright for the electric car.

Electrical engineers will be leading the change in the auto industry.

Are you a fan of the electric vehicles that could dominate on our roads?

Leave us a comment below with your thoughts and ideas on things we don't even know yet about these "futuristic" cars....
Photo by JANNIK SELZ on Unsplash

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Electric Car News - EV Cars in the Fast Lane?

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As a leading custom automotive lighting company, our passion drives us to stay on top of the latest auto trends--in this case electric car news. Decades ago, the concept of an electric car for some, would have stirred up thoughts and images of a very futuristic, innovative and ( possibly flying) vehicle.

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Electric Cars & Global Warming Emissions

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EV vs ICE Vehicles: Electric Cars Are Our Future and They're Greener than You Think

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Electric cars - why don't people buy them? | Made in Germany - Talk

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(with these corrections, though :-)
* protects
* instead of
* engineers
* deactivate

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18. PLASTIC RECYCLING IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

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18. PLASTIC RECYCLING IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

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http://www.greenvehicledisposal.com/environment/recyclable-materials/

https://www.livescience.com/5449-chemistry-life-plastic-cars.html

https://www.plasticsmakeitpossible.com/plastics-recycling/what-happens-to-recycled-plastics/use-of-recycled-plastics-in-cars-is-shifting-into-overdrive/

https://www.removemycar.co.uk/vehicle-plastic-recycling.html

https://www.plasticstoday.com/content/plastics-recycling-automotive-industry/57322573021811

https://plastics-car.com/FAQs/Recycling.html

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The Advancements of Plastic and Plastic Recycling in the Auto Industry

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Automotive Plastic Scrap Shredding with WEIMA WLK 20 SJ

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Stronger, Safer, Sleeker: Plastics at the 2016 L.A. Auto Show

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12. AND WHAT IF YOU ... SIMPLY CHANGE THE BATTERY?!?

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12. AND WHAT IF YOU ... SIMPLY CHANGE THE BATTERY?!?

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Parliamo della vera rivoluzione della mobilità del futuro, le auto elettriche che cambieranno la concezione delle auto.

Si tratta di un progetto portato avanti da Flymove, una società di cui ne fanno parte altre dieci, tutte che lavorano nel settore auto. Tanti gli investitori e i partner tecnologici, la Smart Mobility Platform è l'obiettivo, ovvero la creazione di una piattaforma per realizzare veicoli al 100% sostenibili. Non si parla più solo di vetture elettriche, ma questa volta si annunciano anche quelle a batteria.

Il fine per il quale è stata realizzata Flymove è la commercializzazione di auto elettriche innovative. Non si tratta quindi di quelle che ormai oggi tutti conosciamo e che ogni Casa automobilistica sta sviluppando, ma di una nuova tecnologia che mostra un sistema di sostituzione delle batterie. Le stesse che, una volta terminata la carica energetica, potrebbero essere cambiate in soli 3 minuti con altri elementi invece carichi. Il vantaggio quale sarebbe? L'azzeramento dei tempi di rifornimento e della necessità di installare le strutture di ricarica ultraveloce che oggi mancano. Un altro obiettivo importante è anche quello di riabilitare i pacchi batteria solo da fonti rinnovabili.

Questa nuova tecnologia potrebbe adattarsi a differenti tipologie di veicoli senza alcun problema. Dobbiamo citare anche il marchio Dianchè by Bertone, visto che i suoi disegni, insieme alla tecnologia innovativa citata BBS, potrebbero essere venduti anche ad aziende automobilistiche terze.

Per riuscire nella realizzazione di questo progetto, vanno create anche le Poe Station, cioè punti in cui verranno sostituite le batterie esaurite con quelle cariche. E per avere un sistema efficiente in Italia servirebbero almeno dai 5 ai 7 anni. Un piano davvero innovativo che richiede però una gran quantità di denaro da investire, considerando anche che potrebbe essere svalutato dalle nuove tecnologie proposte di ricarica ultra rapida.

In tutto ciò, Dianchè e Bertone hanno anche annunciato dei nuovi modelli di auto elettriche. si tratta della Dianchè BSS GT One, con due motori elettrici e quattro ruote motrici. Un veicolo dalle prestazioni eccezionali, che arriva a correre fino ad una velocità di 300 km/h e a scattare da 0 a 100 km/h in soli 2.6 secondi. Un'atra auto proposta è il modello GT Cube, da competizione. Aerodinamica estrema e una potenza erogata di circa 816 Cv, rimanere a bocca aperta è ancora poco. Nel nuovo panorama ci sarà anche una City Car di Dianchè BSS, denominata Cube a causa del suo aspetto. Linee futuristiche e tetto con pannelli voltaici per quest'auto del futuro, con batterie capaci di garantire 250 km di autonomia.

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Nasce Flymove, la società che crea auto elettriche a batteria sostituibile

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Parliamo della vera rivoluzione della mobilità del futuro, le auto elettriche che cambieranno la concezione delle auto. Si tratta di un progetto portato avanti da Flymove, una società di cui ne fanno parte altre dieci, tutte che lavorano nel settore auto.

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5. ELECTRIC MOTORS IN ELECTRIC CARS: TESLA, MODEL S!

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5. ELECTRIC MOTORS IN ELECTRIC CARS: TESLA, MODEL S!

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About the motor and drive train in the Model S sedan. 4 pole 3 phase induction motor. 290 kilowatt motor. The Tesla Model S beats all other cars in its class for power to weight ratio. This car is a great example of the potential of electric cars.

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Working Principal of Three Phase Induction Motor - Magic Marks

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Dragonfly Education is an education company, that is building proprietary education content for higher learning in technical streams. We are enabling B.Tech engineering students to learn more effectively using our solution, called MasterClass™ and our proprietary process called the Theory of Organised Learning™. The Dragonfly solution combines classroom education with an online learning management system.

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Construction of Three Phase Induction Motor - Magic Marks

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Dragonfly Education is an education company, that is building proprietary education content for higher learning in technical streams. We are enabling B.Tech engineering students to learn more effectively using our solution, called MasterClass™ and our proprietary process called the Theory of Organised Learning™. The Dragonfly solution combines classroom education with an online learning management system.

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In-wheel motors are not a new concept, but they are new to the modern vehicle development process. Here is why they make sense over more customary in-board electric drive solutions.

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Anniversary Bar & Bat Mitzvah Birthday Breast Cancer Awareness Congratulations Friends Get Well Graduation Housewarming Love & Romance Sorry Sympathy & Funeral Thank You Thinking of You Wedding

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Explore the English vocabulary of The Car in this sound integrated guide. Touch or place your cursor over an object to hear it pronounced aloud. Prove your vocabulary mastery by completing challenges.

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Alloys are metallic compounds composed of one metal and one or more metal or non-metal element.

Examples of common alloys:

Steel, a combination of iron (metal) and carbon (non-metal)

Bronze, a combination of copper (metal) and tin (metal) and

Brass, a mixture of copper (metal) and zinc (metal)

Properties

Individual pure metals may possess useful properties such as good electrical conductivity, high strength, and hardness, or heat and corrosion resistance. Commercial metal alloys attempt to combine these beneficial properties in order to create metals more useful for particular applications than any of their component elements.

Steel, for example, requires the right combination of carbon and iron (about 99% iron and 1% carbon, as it turns out) in order to produce a metal stronger, lighter and more workable metal than pure iron.

Precise properties of new alloys are difficult to calculate because elements do not just combine to become a sum of parts; rather, they form through chemical interactions which depend upon component parts and specific production methods. As a result, much testing is required in the development of new metal alloys.

Melting temperature is a key factor in alloying metals. Galinstan®, a low-melt alloy containing gallium, tin, and indium, is liquid at temperatures above 2.2°F (-19°C), meaning that its melting point is 122°F (50°C) lower than pure gallium and more than 212°F (100°C) below indium and tin.

Galinstan® and Wood's Metal are examples of eutectic alloys -- alloys having the lowest melting point of any alloy combination containing the same elements.

Composition

Thousands of alloy compositions are in regular production with new compositions being developed every year.

Accepted standard compositions include the purity levels of constituent elements (based on weight content). The makeup, as well as mechanical and physical properties of common alloys, are standardized by international organizations such ISO, SAE International, and ASTM International.

Production

Some metal alloys are naturally occurring and require little processing to be converted into industrial grade materials. Ferro-alloys such as Ferro-chromium and Ferro-silicon, for instance, are produced by smelting mixed ores and are used in the production of various steels. Yet, one would be mistaken to think that alloying metals is a simple process. For example, if one were to simply mix molten aluminum with molten lead, they'd find that the two would separate into layers, much like oil and water.

Commercial and trade alloys generally require greater processing and are most often formed by mixing molten metals in a controlled environment. The procedure for combining molten metals or mixing metals with nonmetals varies greatly depending on the properties of the elements being used.

Because metal elements possess great variances in their tolerance of heat and gasses, factors such as melting temperatures of component metals, impurity levels, mixing environment and alloying procedure are central considerations for a successful alloy process.

While elements like the refractory metals are stable at high temperatures, others begin to interact with their environment, which can affect purity levels and, ultimately, the alloy quality. Often in such cases, intermediate alloys must be prepared in order to persuade elements to combine.

As an example, an alloy of 95.5 percent aluminum and 4.5 percent copper is made by first preparing a 50% mixture of the two elements. This mixture has a lower melting point than either pure aluminum or pure copper and acts as a "hardener alloy." This is then introduced to molten aluminum at a rate that creates the right alloy mix.
Sources: Street, Arthur. & Alexander, W. O. 1944. Metals in the Service of Man. 11th Edition (1998).

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Properties, Composition and Production of Metal Alloys

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Alloys are metallic compounds composed of one metal and one or more metal or non-metal element. Examples of common alloys: Steel, a combination of iron (metal) and carbon (non-metal) Bronze, a combination of copper (metal) and tin (metal) and Brass, a mixture of copper (metal) and zinc (metal) Individual pure metals may possess useful properties such as good electrical conductivity, high strength, and hardness, or heat and corrosion resistance.

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Chemistry: What is a metal? (Metallic Bonds)

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Alloy & their Properties | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool

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Iron Alloys | Environmental Chemistry | Chemistry | FuseSchool

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Understanding Material Strength, Ductility and Toughness

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10 important mechanical properties of materials

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types of cars

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audio file: buying a car for your son

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buying a car for your son

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Not all plastics are created equal. While we've covered the most commonly-used plastics before, there are a number of other remarkable plastic materials that might be within your reach right now-in your pocket or purse, in your car, in your phone or even inside your body.

There are many plastic materials that are used in high-tech and high-stress environments across numerous sectors of the economy-from building and construction to semiconductors and telecommunications, and on to medical devices and even aerospace. Manufacturers choose these materials based on factors such as safety, strength, energy efficiency and reliability.

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What Are the Different Types of Plastic? - Part Two - This Is Plastics

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Not all plastics are created equal. While we've covered the most commonly-used plastics before, there are a number of other remarkable plastic materials that might be within your reach right now-in your pocket or purse, in your car, in your phone or even inside your body.

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I polimeri degli imballaggi | Corepla - Consorzio Nazionale per la Raccolta, il Riciclaggio e il Recupero degli imballaggi in Plastica

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La filiera del riciclo degli imballaggi si muove attraverso la codifica dei polimeri, divisi in sei categorie più una settima costituita da tutti gli altri tipi di plastica, stabilite come standard internazionale SPI-Society of Plastic Industry.