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In music, dynamics means how loud or quiet the music is. In written music the dynamics are shown by letters which stand for Italian words for the dynamic levels. They are listed in the table below. Notice that “piano” is pronounced the Italian way (“pi-AH-no”).

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Dynamics normally refers to the volume of a sound or note, or styles such as staccato, legato etc. The term is also applied to the written or printed musical notation used to indicate dynamics. Dynamics are relative and do not refer to specific volume levels.

Dynamics also indicate the loudness of music. We use the Italian terms piano and forte to indicate soft and loud. They are usually abbreviated p and f.

The word mezzo (m) to p and f to create mp (mezzo-piano) and mf (mezzo-forte). Mezzo-piano (mp) is moderately soft and mezzo-forte (mf) is moderately loud can also be added into the music.

More than one p or f indicates a softer or louder dynamic, such as pp or fff.

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In music, harmony is the use of simultaneous pitches (tones, notes), or chords. The study of harmony involves chords and their construction and chord progressions and the principles of connection that govern them.

Harmony is often said to refer to the "vertical" aspect of music, as distinguished from melodic line or the "horizontal" aspect.

Counterpoint, which refers to the interweaving of melodic lines, and polyphony, which refers to the relationship of separate independent voices, are thus sometimes distinguished from harmony.

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In music, dynamic normally refers to the volume of a sound or note, but can also refer to every aspect of the execution of a given piece , either stylistic ( staccato, legato etc.) or funtional (velocity)

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1. There are many types of articulation, each with a different effect on how the note is played. In music notation articulationmarks include the slur, phrase mark, staccato, staccatissimo, accent, sforzando, rinforzando, and legato.

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In music, articulation refers to the musical performance technique that affects the transition or continuity on a single note, or between multiple notes or sounds.

Types of articulations

There are many types of articulation, each with a different effect on how the note is played. In music notation articulation marks include the slur, phrase mark, staccato,staccatissimo, accent, sforzando,rinforzando, and legato. A different symbol, placed above or below the note (depending on its position on the staff), represents each articulation.

Tenuto | Hold the note in question its full length (or longer, with slight rubato), or play the note slightly louder.
Marcato | Indicates a short note, long chord, or medium passage to be played louder or more forcefully than surrounding music.
Staccato | Signifies a note of shortened duration
Legato | Indicates musical notes are to be played or sung smoothly and connected.

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Fang Pingping (6) 211 {updated Note Duration}

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Fang Pingping (6) 211 {updated Note Duration}

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The length of time that a note is played is called as note duration. It is determined by the types of notes.

The whole note(Semibreve) has the longest note duration in modern music. The half note(Minim) has half the duration of 1 whole note,which means duration of 2 half notes=duration of 1 whole note. The quarter note(Crotchet) is quarter of a whole note. Hence,duration of 4 quarter notes=duration of 1 whole note.

Notes smaller in duration than a quarter note will have flags. Each flag halves the value of a note. An eighth note(Quaver) has one flag. Thus,duration of 2 eighth notes=duration 1 quarter note. A sixteenth note(Semi quaver) has two flags,halving the value again. Therefore,duration of 2 sixteenth notes=duration of 1 eighth note & duration of 4 sixteenth notes=1 quarter note. There are also notes with three or more flags but they are seldomly used.

A whole note lasts four beats. A half note lasts two beats. A quarter note lasts one beat. An eighth note lasts 1/2 beat and a sixteenth note lasts 1/4 beat.

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Musical form refers to the overall structure or plan of a piece of music and shows the layout of a piece in sections. In the ABA form, it is considered ternary while the AB form is considered binary as it only has 2 distinct melody.

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The length of time that a note is played is called note duration.It is determined by the types of notes.
The whole note(Semibreve) has the longest note duration in modern music.

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Harmony is the use of simultaneous pitches or chords. The study of harmony involves chords and their construction and chord progressions and the principles of connection that govern them. In Ancient Greece, the term defined the combination of contrasted elements: a higher and lower note.

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The length of time that a note is played is called it's note duration, which is determined by the type of notes. The whole note,semi breve, had the longest duration. A half note ,a minim,has the half of that duration.A quarter note ,crotchet,is a quarter of the duration of a whole note. Notes that have shorter duration will have flags which halves the note. The eighth note ,quaver,has one flag and the sixteenth note ,semi quaver,had two flags.

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In music, pitch is the frequency of a note determining how high or low it sounds. Pitches allows the comparison of sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. The scientific measurement of a note's pitch is called as frequency. Frequency is measure in Hertz (Hz) and it is a measurement of the number of cycles of the waveforms that will occur with the time period of one second.

High pitch : like a child's voice

Low pitch : like a man with a deep voice

The full range of pitches is divided into different registers named OCTAVES.

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In music, harmony is the use of simultaneous pitches (tones, notes), or chords.Free Harmony is the most primitive form of Harmony,being both atonal and  arhythmical. Diatonic Harmony is the result of the impositionof the Window on Free Harmony.Rhythmic Harmony is the result of the imposition of Rhythmic Structure on Free Harmony.Melodic Harmony is the result of both the impositionof the Window and of Rhythmic Structure on Free Harmony. Harmony is also a group of notes,like melody except these notes are played behind, beneath, and around the melody. Harmony supports the melody and gives the music texture or mood. You can change how a piece of music sounds by changing only the harmony. The same melody will sound very different if you play it with one harmony or another.

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In music, dynamics normally refers to the volume of a sound or note, but can also refer to every aspect of the execution of a given piece, either stylistic (staccato, legato etc.) or functional (velocity).

Dynamics offer a way to show expression in sheet music. They help to drive the emotional content of music through volume and intensity.We can also think of the intensity side of dynamics as the strength of a note. Some notes are meant to be played gently and lightly, while others are meant to be played more strongly.

We use the Italian terms piano and forte to indicate soft and loud. They are usually abbreviated p and f.

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The term musical form refers to the overall structure or plan of a piece of music, and it describes the layout of a composition as divided into sections. In the tenth edition of The Oxford Companion To music, Percy Scholes defines musical form as "a series of strategies designed to find a successful mean between the opposite extremes of unrelieved repetition and unrelieved alteration."

According to Richard Middleton, musical form is "the shape or structure of the work." He describes it through difference: the distance moved from a repeat; the latter being the smallest difference. Difference is quantitative and qualitative: how far, and of what type, different. In many cases, form depends on statement and restatement, unity and variety, and contrast and connection.

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Note Duration indicates the relative duration of a note, via the presence or absence of a stem/flag/hook/tail. A rest on the other hand indicates a moment of silence for a certain duration. There are a set of symbols called notes that help represent music duration. Some of these note symbols are the semibreve which stands for 4 counts, the crotchet that stands for 1 count etc. In layman terms, note duration just shows how long a note should last.

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Pitch is a perceptual property of sounds that allows their ordering on a frequency-related scale, or more commonly, pitches are what allows the comparison of sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. Pitch can only be determined in sounds that have a frequency that is clear and stable enough to be distinguishable from noise. Pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre.

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Group Assignment for next lesson

Create a creative overdub with the given video clip. Do a video recording of your group performance and post it here or send through the group Whatsapp.
•Use any music instruments or any other objects (Keys, packet of beans... etc)
Download the video here...