# data[].attributes.headline
yes, students need long time to study landscape architecture, the CTF should have a reference time: 4+1 or 5 years

# data[].attributes.subject
yes, students need long time to study landscape architecture, the CTF should have a reference time: 4+1 or 5 years

# data[].attributes.body
PT - University of Évora (Maria Freire e Aurora Carapinha)

# data[].attributes.headline
The most important is the study programe has 5 years (5+ 1 or 5) - the learning can explore the use of blocks or not; this option can be link with the background of students.

# data[].attributes.subject
The most important is the study programe has 5 years (5+ 1 or 5) - the learning can explore the use of blocks or not; this option can be link with the background of students.

# data[].attributes.body
PT - University of Évora (Maria Freire e Aurora Carapinha)

# data[].attributes.headline
For designing and planning: Yes. For constructing gardens BA level can be enough.

# data[].attributes.subject
For designing and planning: Yes. For constructing gardens BA level can be enough.

# data[].attributes.body
From an education point of view, of course, a 5 year program would be much better (it was like that once also for Architecture). From a realistic point of view I think that today it won't be possible to go back from the 3+2 system. Many universities, only have the master degrees in LA and they rely on international students.

# data[].attributes.headline
A 5 year study period (whether 4+1 or 3+2) will have a huge impact on programme structures in some countries especially those offering expensive pay-Master programmes. These programmes might loose a lot of their attractivness i.e. students numbers are likely to drop dramatically.

# data[].attributes.subject
A 5 year study period (whether 4+1 or 3+2) will have a huge impact on programme structures in some countries especially those offering expensive pay-Master programmes. These programmes might loose a lot of their attractivness i.e. students numbers are likely to drop dramatically.

# data[].attributes.headline
Serious undergraduate and Master  programmes should be taught continuously, for CPD courses blocks would be more suitable 

# data[].attributes.subject
Serious undergraduate and Master  programmes should be taught continuously, for CPD courses blocks would be more suitable 

# data[].attributes.headline
Instead of differentiating between levels the CTF should keep looking at ECTS to give more freedom organising programmes in the multiplicity of institutions and countries. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Instead of differentiating between levels the CTF should keep looking at ECTS to give more freedom organising programmes in the multiplicity of institutions and countries. 

# data[].attributes.headline
Yes! Whether or not integrated in the curriculum or an entry requirement for a BSc or Master programme, it certainly helps students to mature personally and professionally,  and to establish or deepen relationships between the unversities and the profession.

# data[].attributes.subject
Yes! Whether or not integrated in the curriculum or an entry requirement for a BSc or Master programme, it certainly helps students to mature personally and professionally,  and to establish or deepen relationships between the unversities and the profession.

# data[].attributes.headline
Margarida C: Abreu Introduction to the theme:

# data[].attributes.subject
Margarida C: Abreu Introduction to the theme:

# data[].attributes.body
We need a minimum of 5 years, we are architects; it takes time to reach maturity and design skills.
IFLA E list of recognized programs: one third are 3+2 years model and one fourth are 4+2 years model.

# data[].attributes.headline
Michael Heurich, Dublin     They (had) were planning to change to the  3+2 system before the financial problems in the country. They stayed with the 4 years BA and re-intruduced a 2year MA + ILI exam (after 2 years). MLA 1 students share the BSC 4th year studio (and other modules). The ILI - Irish Landscape Institute - fully recognises those. Landscape architect title is not protected and anybody can call themselves. The Architects in the School recently introduced  a 4+1+1 system which might be adapted by LA. He expressed concern about 3+2 that they will not get enough students and that master degrees at UCD are expensive. He was in favour of 5 year programme. He also said that it was difficult in case they have former students from agriculture, horticulture and other related disciplines with no design experience applying for the MA in LA.

# data[].attributes.subject
Michael Heurich, Dublin     They (had) were planning to change to the  3+2 system before the financial problems in the country. They stayed with the 4 years BA and re-intruduced a 2year MA + ILI exam (after 2 years). MLA 1 students share the BSC 4th year studio (and other modules). The ILI - Irish Landscape Institute - fully recognises those. Landscape architect title is not protected and anybody can call themselves. The Architects in the School recently introduced  a 4+1+1 system which might be adapted by LA. He expressed concern about 3+2 that they will not get enough students and that master degrees at UCD are expensive. He was in favour of 5 year programme. He also said that it was difficult in case they have former students from agriculture, horticulture and other related disciplines with no design experience applying for the MA in LA.

# data[].attributes.headline
Albert Fekete, HALA Hungary Similar system as in Portugal - 3 or 3,5 years Bologna after which students may go for Master degree. Fully supported Margarida's proposal. He underlined that only those who finish MA get licence to practice as designers - it is Chamber of Architects that issues certificates/license to landscape architects and they require 3 years of practice on top of MAFive years is not enough as you need 2 years in the "field". It may be strict but it is good for reality.

# data[].attributes.subject
Albert Fekete, HALA Hungary Similar system as in Portugal - 3 or 3,5 years Bologna after which students may go for Master degree. Fully supported Margarida's proposal. He underlined that only those who finish MA get licence to practice as designers - it is Chamber of Architects that issues certificates/license to landscape architects and they require 3 years of practice on top of MAFive years is not enough as you need 2 years in the "field". It may be strict but it is good for reality.

# data[].attributes.headline
Yes, only with the master the study program must have the 300 ECTS and the specific ECTS in landscape architecture.

# data[].attributes.subject
Yes, only with the master the study program must have the 300 ECTS and the specific ECTS in landscape architecture.

# data[].attributes.body
PT - University of Évora (Maria Freire e Aurora Carapinha)

# data[].attributes.headline
Yes, is always very important to have a outside experience, it  can be in the middle or in the end of the study programs; it can be have 30 ECTS (removable; so more 30ECTS) or 15 ECTS;   

# data[].attributes.subject
Yes, is always very important to have a outside experience, it  can be in the middle or in the end of the study programs; it can be have 30 ECTS (removable; so more 30ECTS) or 15 ECTS;   

# data[].attributes.body
PT - University of Évora (Maria Freire e Aurora Carapinha)

# data[].attributes.headline
Yes, in the theoretical and practical level, since the beginning of the course. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Yes, in the theoretical and practical level, since the beginning of the course. 

# data[].attributes.body
PT - University of Évora (Maria Freire e Aurora Carapinha)

# data[].attributes.headline
Isztvan Valanski, Hungary   Not good to decrease requirements for LA as they will lose more students.

# data[].attributes.subject
Isztvan Valanski, Hungary   Not good to decrease requirements for LA as they will lose more students.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mate, Hungary      Disadvantage of 3+2 is that before they had 5-year programme which was easier to build up professional knowledge and skills.The problem is also English master – it is difficult to make balance.Most students come from Architecture or Horticulture.     

# data[].attributes.subject
Mate, Hungary      Disadvantage of 3+2 is that before they had 5-year programme which was easier to build up professional knowledge and skills.The problem is also English master – it is difficult to make balance.Most students come from Architecture or Horticulture.     

# data[].attributes.headline
The problem is the fact that within landscape architecture profession we perceive the content of our activities much more broadly than the public and related professions perceive it. The best solution would be a clear ILO definition, but that is beyond our control. It will help if we define the minimum requirements that European educational institutions should ensure in the LA program. At the same time, it is  very good  for  ECLAS to define optimal content in order to unify the education system, but this will vary in different countries depending on the type of university and the recognition of the LA profession.Concerning the length of landscape architecture program it seems that (3+2 or 4+1), is good solution. If the bachelor's degree is not completed in the LA program, it is probably necessary to complete a landscape program lasting at least 3 years (1+ 2) years.

# data[].attributes.subject
The problem is the fact that within landscape architecture profession we perceive the content of our activities much more broadly than the public and related professions perceive it. The best solution would be a clear ILO definition, but that is beyond our control. It will help if we define the minimum requirements that European educational institutions should ensure in the LA program. At the same time, it is  very good  for  ECLAS to define optimal content in order to unify the education system, but this will vary in different countries depending on the type of university and the recognition of the LA profession.Concerning the length of landscape architecture program it seems that (3+2 or 4+1), is good solution. If the bachelor's degree is not completed in the LA program, it is probably necessary to complete a landscape program lasting at least 3 years (1+ 2) years.

# data[].attributes.body
Radmila Fingerova, FA CVUT Prague

# data[].attributes.body
Internship is very helpful. I would not integrate it to the study program but maybe as a national requirement. It can be a requirement to do after the bachelor and/or after the master degree.

# data[].attributes.body
Trans-disciplinary knowledge is necessary in theory and practice

# data[].attributes.headline
3 years ago UCD Landscape architecture introduced a model that gives students in sem 2 of 3rd year the option to do a long internship (min. of 24 weeks, 30 credits) OR a short internship (8 weeks, 10 credits) in combination with studying abroad for 1 semester (20 ECTS). The consequences: an increase of applicants for an exchange from 1 to 2 per anum to 10 to 12 per anum, very postive feed back from student and the employers, matured and better skilled students heading into 4th year.

# data[].attributes.subject
3 years ago UCD Landscape architecture introduced a model that gives students in sem 2 of 3rd year the option to do a long internship (min. of 24 weeks, 30 credits) OR a short internship (8 weeks, 10 credits) in combination with studying abroad for 1 semester (20 ECTS). The consequences: an increase of applicants for an exchange from 1 to 2 per anum to 10 to 12 per anum, very postive feed back from student and the employers, matured and better skilled students heading into 4th year.

# data[].attributes.headline
The profession of LA is transdiscipliary by nature and subsequently the education needs to be transdisciplinary as well. At UCD 35% of the core modules in the BSc LA  are delivered by different disciplines within the School of Architecture, Planning & Environmental Policy AND across the University (Schools of Geography, Law, Agriculture & Food Science, Biology & Environmental Science, Archaeology). Option and Elective modules account for 105 credits out of the overall 240 credits (4 years) and are taught partly by non-LA staff too.

# data[].attributes.subject
The profession of LA is transdiscipliary by nature and subsequently the education needs to be transdisciplinary as well. At UCD 35% of the core modules in the BSc LA  are delivered by different disciplines within the School of Architecture, Planning & Environmental Policy AND across the University (Schools of Geography, Law, Agriculture & Food Science, Biology & Environmental Science, Archaeology). Option and Elective modules account for 105 credits out of the overall 240 credits (4 years) and are taught partly by non-LA staff too.

# data[].attributes.headline
Antonella Melone (AIAPP, Italy): yes, it's important, in between and after

# data[].attributes.subject
Antonella Melone (AIAPP, Italy): yes, it's important, in between and after

# data[].attributes.headline
Antonella Melone (AIAPP, Italy):  In Italy we have 3+2 (Bologna process); students arrive to the specific master level in LA from three years courses in architecture, planning, agronomy, building sciences and techniques. The need for 4 years of specific training could be supported, (achievable with 3 + 2, or with a two-year master's degree + doctorate ...) and it would be useful for us to ask that those who have a specific curriculum can make an evaluation with respect to specific landscape courses (for those who have a three-year degree in ARCH. with a Landscape Architecture curriculum, as it is possible in Genoa, or for those who have completed a three-year degree in urban planning with landscape exams) in order to define any need for a convention master or an internship, before or after the specific master's

# data[].attributes.subject
Antonella Melone (AIAPP, Italy):  In Italy we have 3+2 (Bologna process); students arrive to the specific master level in LA from three years courses in architecture, planning, agronomy, building sciences and techniques. The need for 4 years of specific training could be supported, (achievable with 3 + 2, or with a two-year master's degree + doctorate ...) and it would be useful for us to ask that those who have a specific curriculum can make an evaluation with respect to specific landscape courses (for those who have a three-year degree in ARCH. with a Landscape Architecture curriculum, as it is possible in Genoa, or for those who have completed a three-year degree in urban planning with landscape exams) in order to define any need for a convention master or an internship, before or after the specific master's

# data[].attributes.body
A 3+2 year is nowadays the standard. The entry levels to the master I think it has to include only disciplines which are strictly design oriented (e.g. architecture). If you are able to design, you can actually acquire new theoretical and practical competences. Viceversa, if you are coming from a BA in agronomy for example, you cannot acquire design competences in a master program, it is too short.