# data[].attributes.headline
Suplemental Lesson: The flag of Cambodia

# data[].attributes.subject
Suplemental Lesson: The flag of Cambodia

# data[].attributes.body
To help you remember for the AP exam, symbols and visual signs can sometimes remind you of important concepts.

Click on the link, read about what the colors of the flag represent, and then explain below how this reflects the continuing influence of religion on Cambodian society.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Same as other countries, the flag of Cambodia is the national emblems. This Cambodia flag was first used in 1948 and replaced by the other flag in 1970. It was reintroduced in 1993 under the issue of the Cambodia National Constituent Assembly.

Design of Cambodia Flag

The flag is designed with a horizontal rectangular shape having the length-width ratio is 25:16. The Cambodia national flag consists of three stripes which two sides are blue and the center is red. The red stripe has a width double than the blue one with the white depiction of Angkor Wat - the national symbol - in the middle. This is one of two national flags in the world that consists of the image of a structure, the other is from Afghanistan.

History of Cambodia National Flag

Around 1850, the Cambodia flag has an outline of the Angkor Wat in the center. However, that draft was not used. The present flag was adopted due to the national independence in 1948 and was not replaced until 1970 when the Lon Nol's Khmer Republic and then Khmer Rouge ruled the country.

Since then, Cambodia has five other national flags including the flag of Khmer Republic (1970-1975), the flag of the Democratic Kampuchea (1975-1979), the flag of the People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979-1989), the flag of The State of Cambodia (1989-1991), the flag of The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (1992-1993).

In 1993, the country reverted to a monarchy, the flag version 1948 was readopted but the red outline of the Angkor Wat's image is changed into black. The reintroduction of the flag came with the election for the National Constituent Assembly and also the reinstitution of the Cambodia monarchy in the same year.

Meaning of Cambodia Flag

The meaning of the Cambodia flag depends on the color and the image of Angkor Wat.

Red: the bravery of Cambodians which is clearly revealed through wartime. This color also represents the nation of Cambodia.

Blue: the sense of liberty, cooperation, and brotherhood of the whole nation. It is also the symbol of the country's monarchy and the King.

White of Angkor Wat: the religion and beliefs of the country - Buddhism, and the virtue of purity which relates to the structure of the universe.

Angkor Wat: the integrity, justice, and heritage of Cambodia. It is also a great spiritual and cultural role among people in this country.

Previous Images of Cambodia National Flags

Flag of Cambodia Before 1863

Flag of Cambodia During 1863 - 1948

Flag of Cambodia During March - October 1945

Flag of Cambodia During 1948 - 1970

Flag of Khmer Republic (1970-1975)

Flag of The Democratic Kampuchea (1975-1979)

Flag of The People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979-1989)

Flag of The State of Cambodia (1989-1991)

Flag of The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (1992-1993)

Cambodia National Flag 1993 - Now

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cambodia National Flag | History & Meaning of 10 Cambodian Flags

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Same as other countries, the flag of Cambodia is the national emblems. This Cambodia flag was first used in 1948 and replaced by the other flag in 1970. It was reintroduced in 1993 under the issue of the Cambodia National Constituent Assembly. The flag is designed with a horizontal rectangular shape having the length-width ratio is 25:16.

# data[].attributes.body
Do a Google Search for "Cambodia foods". Briefly read what the style of cuisine is in Cambodia. Comment below with what you're going to order.

# data[].attributes.body
Take a 360° view of the entrance to the Royal Palace in Cambodia. Comment below to answer?:
What has stayed the same in royal architecture in Cambodia? What has changed?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Royal Palace of Phnom Penh, Cambodia (in Khmer ព្រះបរមរាជវាំង, called

colloquially រាជវាំង), is a complex of buildings that serves as residence to the King of Cambodia.

His full name in Khmer is Preah Barum Reachea Veang Chaktomuk (ព្រះ បរម រាជវាំង ចតុមុខ). The kings of Cambodia have occupied it since its construction in 1860, with a period of absence, when the country went into crisis during and after the Khmer Rouge period.

The palace was built after King Norodom I moved the royal capital of Oudong to Phnom Penh in the mid-nineteenth century. It was built in stages on the remains of an old citadel called Banteay Kev (បន្ទាយ កែវ). It faces east and is located on the western bank of the Tonle Sap and Mekong, at a place called Chaktokmuk (an allusion to the god Brahma), where the Mekong divides into two, forming the four arms.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Royal Palace of Phnom Penh, Cambodia 360 Panorama | 360Cities

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Royal Palace of Phnom Penh, Cambodia (in Khmer ព្រះបរមរាជវាំង, called colloquially រាជវាំង), is a complex of buildings that serves as residence to the King of Cambodia. His full name in Khmer is Preah Barum Reachea Veang Chaktomuk (ព្រះ បរម រាជវាំង ចតុមុខ).

# data[].attributes.body
Click the link below & translate three words: hello, please, and thank you. Be prepared to say this to the people you meet on the next stop.

Pick 3 more words of your choice. Comment below with the Khmer words you just learned.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Google’s service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.

# data[].attributes.headline
Stop 2: View 3D visualization of Angkor Wat

# data[].attributes.subject
Stop 2: View 3D visualization of Angkor Wat

# data[].attributes.body
Open up the link, start on the right hand side and then slowly scroll to the left. Comment below to answer?:
Identify AND describe how the religions of Southeast Asia are reflected by the architecture of Angkor Wat.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
See The Ancient Temple Of Angkor Wat Reconstructed In A Stunning 3D Animation!

# data[].attributes.body
Comment below to answer ?: How does Angkor Wat suggest that revering culture was the most important way Khmer rulers gained legitimacy.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Angkor Wat is an enormous Buddhist temple complex located in northern Cambodia. It was originally built in the first half of the 12th century as a Hindu temple. Spread across more than 400 acres, Angkor Wat is said to be the largest religious monument in the world. Its name, which translates to "temple city" in the Khmer language of the region, references the fact it was built by Emperor Suryavarman II, who ruled the region from 1113 to 1150, as the state temple and political center of his empire.

Originally dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu, Angkor Wat became a Buddhist temple by the end of the 12th century.

Although it is no longer an active temple, it serves as an important tourist attraction in Cambodia, despite the fact it sustained significant damage during the autocratic rule of the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s and in earlier regional conflicts.

Where Is Angkor Wat?

Angkor Wat is located roughly five miles north of the modern Cambodian city of Siem Reap, which has a population of more than 200,000 people.

However, when it was built, it served as the capital of the Khmer empire, which ruled the region at the time. The word "Angkor" means "capital city" in the Khmer language, while the word "Wat" means "temple."

Initially, Angkor Wat was designed as a Hindu temple, as that was the religion of the region's ruler at the time, Suryavarman II. However, by the end of the 12th century, it was considered a Buddhist site.

Unfortunately, by then, Angkor Wat had been sacked by a rival tribe to the Khmer, who in turn, at the direction of the new emperor, Jayavarman VII, moved their capital to Angkor Thom and their state temple to Bayon, both of which are a few miles to the north of the historic site.

As Angkor Wat's significance within the Buddhist religion of the region increased, so too did the legend surrounding the site. Many Buddhists believe the temple's construction was ordered by the god Indra, and that the work was accomplished in one night.

However, scholars now know it took several decades to build Angkor Wat, from the design phase to completion.

Angkor Wat's Design

Although Angkor Wat was no longer a site of political, cultural or commercial significance by the 13th century, it remained an important monument for the Buddhist religion into the 1800s.

Indeed, unlike many historical sites, Angkor Wat was never truly abandoned. Rather, it fell gradually into disuse and disrepair.

Nonetheless, it remained an architectural marvel unlike anything else. It was "rediscovered" in 1840s by the French explorer Henri Mouhot, who wrote that the site was "grander than anything left to us by Greece or Rome."

The compliment can likely be attributed to the temple's design, which is supposed to represent Mount Meru, the home of the gods, according to tenets of both the Hindu and Buddhist faiths. Its five towers are intended to recreate the five peaks of Mount Meru, while the walls and moat below honor the surrounding mountain ranges and the sea.

By the time of the site's construction, the Khmer had developed and refined their own architectural style, which relied on sandstone. As a result, Angkor Wat was constructed with blocks of sandstone.

A 15-foot high wall, surrounded by a wide moat, protected the city, the temple and residents from invasion, and much of that fortification is still standing. A sandstone causeway served as the main access point for the temple.

Inside these walls, Angkor Wat stretches across more than 200 acres. It's believed that this area included the city, the temple structure and the emperor's palace, which was just north of the temple.

However, in keeping with tradition at the time, only the city's outer walls and the temple were made of sandstone, with the rest of the structures built from wood and other, less durable materials. Hence, only portions of the temple and city wall remain.

Even so, the temple is still a majestic structure: At its highest point-the tower above the main shrine-it reaches nearly 70 feet into the air.

The temple walls are decorated with thousands of bas-reliefs representing important deities and figures in the Hindu and Buddhist religions as well as key events in its narrative tradition. There is also a bas-relief depicting Emperor Suryavarman II entering the city, perhaps for the first time following its construction.

Angkor Wat Today

Unfortunately, although Angkor Wat remained in use until fairly recently-into the 1800s-the site has sustained significant damage, from forest overgrowth to earthquakes to war.

The French, who ruled what is now known as Cambodia for much of the 20th century, established a commission to restore the site for tourism purposes in the early 1900s. This group also oversaw ongoing archeological projects there.

While restoration work was accomplished in bits and pieces under French rule, major efforts didn't begin in earnest until the 1960s. By then, Cambodia was a country transitioning from colonial rule to a limited form of constitutional monarchy.

When Cambodia fell into a brutal civil war in the 1970s, Angkor Wat, somewhat miraculously, sustained relatively minimal damage. The autocratic and barbarous Khmer Rouge regime did battle troops from neighboring Vietnam in the area near the ancient city, and there are bullet holes marking its outer walls as a result.

Since then, with the Cambodian government undergoing numerous changes, the international community, including representatives of India, Germany and France, among others, have contributed to the ongoing restoration efforts.

The site remains an important source of national pride for Cambodians.

In 1992, it was named a UNESCO World Heritage site. Although visitors to Angkor Wat numbered in just the few thousands at the time, the landmark now welcomes some 500,000 visitors each year-many of whom arrive early in the morning to capture images of the sunrise over what still is a very magical, spiritual place.

Sources

Angkor. World Heritage Convention. UNESCO.
Ray, Nick. "Angkor what? Getting to know Cambodia's most iconic temple." LonelyPlanet.com.
Glancey, J. "The surprising discovery at Angkor Wat." BBC.com.
Hoeller, S-C. (2015). "Here's why Angkor Wat was just named the best tourist attraction in the world." BusinessInsider.com.
Cripps, K. (2017). "Angkor Wat travel tips: Expert advice on visiting Cambodia's ancient ruins." CNN.com.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Angkor Wat is an enormous Buddhist temple complex located in northern Cambodia. It was originally built in the first half of the 12th century as a Hindu temple. Spread across more than 400 acres, Angkor Wat is said to be the largest religious monument in the world.