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We discover that the Sumerian war politics and they selled
hand-made ceramics and agricultural products.

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We discovered that the Sumerians lived in the southern part of what now is now Iraq.

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Their locations is representaded in dark gray in this map.

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The Phoenicians lived in the Coastal Region of Ancient Canaa, or know nowdays as Maritime Coasts of Lebanon Syria in Mesopotamia.

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The Assyrian empire was situated where today we have: Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Israel, Syria and Egypt.  They took over mesopotamia 2000 BCE.

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The Babylonians lived in Mesopotamia. In their territoy,they had the river Euphrates and the bottom part of the river Tigris. At the end of their territory,they had the ocean.

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The place that the Hittites lived is'' Centerl Anatolia misopotania where turky is today''

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This image above is the Ancient Phoenician Social Structure chart, or APSS ( We created this name)

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The Phoenicians were not like any other community in Mesopotamia. Instead of planting, building their city as the other groups did, they were always navegating to other cities to sell, trade and buy stuff from other kingdoms. Because of that they had alliance with Tyre, Biblos Beirut and Sidon.

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A social structure or social hierarchy can be defined as the placement of various groups of people in the society on the basis of their role and responsibilities in the society. It also depends majorly on the nature of relationship that they possess with other people in the social structure.

The ancient Phoenicians also practised a hierarchical structure among themselves to organize their society where their society got divided into three major classes, namely: Social Class, Middle Class and working class from top to bottom. Following is a brief description of classes in the ancient Phoenician hierarchy:

King

King was at the top of the society and social hierarchy, but as at that time Kings being the rulers of the entire kingdom were not considered a part of the social hierarchy. It was believed that the kings were divine agents and hence all the land, people and assets in the kingdom belonged to King. His major responsibility was to appoint elite officers at various social institutions for supervision of the work. They were also the leaders of the army and headed & commanded the army.

Social Class

The uppermost class in the ancient Phoenician hierarchy was the social class which comprised of the most elite people of the society and included government officials, land owners and priests. These were the people who were given the utmost importance in the society. Although the main Phoenician city was ruled by king but king was not considered as the part of the hierarchy. The social class in the society possessed the major powers and aristocracy.

Middle Class

The middle class comprised of people like farmers, fishermen, craftsmen and merchants. This class of people also enjoyed certain privileges and possessed certain rights like the social class, to protect them from law to a certain extent. This class was also considered as one of the important sections of society as they were responsible for fulfilling the day to day needs of people ranging from food to other material goods.

Trading also was becoming popular at that time, hence merchants used to trade & barter things that was required in exchange of the things that were surplus in the kingdom. In a way, they were running the economy of the kingdom.

Working Class

The working class included the lowest level citizens like the servants and the slaves. These were the people who acquired the bottom most level in the society and were responsible for serving the rich people as slaves. Although they had the least set of rights in the society but the laws & regulations of society protected them from to some extent. The uppermost class was harsh and treated them badly, but they had the right to speak for themselves given to them by the law.

By law, they also possessed the right of earning money and buying their freedom by it. They were free to pay the price for their freedom and join the middle class.

Know more about Ancient Hierarchy.

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A social structure or social hierarchy can be defined as the placement of various groups of people in the society on the basis of their role and responsibilities in the society. It also depends majorly on the nature of relationship that they possess with other people in the social structure.

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Trading was their main economic activity. The kings that ruled Assyria at the time formed great cities like Nineveh, their people carved sculptures of milirtary campaigns in their weapons that they used to hunt lions, the king Ashurbanipal built a library of 20.000 tablets. There, was where a very important tablet was found, called Epic of Gilgamesh. They believed in many different Gods and Goddesses, but the main one was Ashur. He was represented by a wing disc, standing on either a snake or a dragon. He was the chief, and was like the heart of the empire.

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The Babylonians believed in several different gods and goddesses, one example is Marduk, the chief patron god of Babylon, which lived in a temple in the Babyloninas

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The Persians society and culture was based on fedual lines, their traditional costumes where three classes:

1-Warriors
2-Farmers
3-Herdsmen

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Babylonians had scientists that worked on mathematics,astronomy and physics. They also developed methods of tracking time.We still used those methods now a days.

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The Persians started in Mesopotamia but they expanded to Africa and Asia with time. Persians choose Mesopotamia because have water, them they decided to expand the area to have more land, water, and more people.

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The Sumerian government was very angry and the gods they wanted everything right Kings and Priests who took care of their land, The Sumerians had over 3,000 gods. Each city had its government and laws.

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Phoenicians were led by hereditary monarchs. Those individual cities acted autonomously from each other and only rarely did they form mutual alliances.

https://www.worldhistory.org/Phoenician_Government/

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Kingship is the oldest form of Phoenician government. Royal houses claimed divinve decent, in which the king could not be chosen outside their members. The kings powers were limited by the...

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The Assyrians were ruled by a king called Sennacherib when they took over mesopotamia. This guy brutally killed his enemies, and demolished the empire that was there before them. This people lived in a monarchy for all of their lives inside the assyrian empire, so they didn't have equal resources for each person. They had a very strong army, and were feared by all other big empires at the time.

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The Babylonians ruled the territory like a monarchy.The king ,Nabucodonosor ll was in top of the pyramid. They had the Hammuri's code of laws tht was really important in their government.

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Their government was by kings and queens. According to the site Ancient PersianGovernmentt, says: "The Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) founded by Cyrus the Great (r. c. 550-530 BCE) is sometimes claimed to have invented this form of government buy drew on earlier models of Akkadian and Assyrian administration."

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Suppiluilmas was the leadr of the hittite

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their society and cultuer where like this first king then arstocratic next free citizens and finaly slaves

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The Phonicians created a alphabet that is considered the alphabet that started the other ones, boats,...
"Like all people, the Phoenicians possessed those human qualities of learning and developing. They were associated with the founding of Carthage and have long been considered synonymous with the Biblical race the Canaanites."
-John tuttle

•Trading led to cultural exchange.

•Phoenician religion shared elements with the religions of surrounding civilizations

•Developed new navigation techniques and harbors."
According to the slides.

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Phoenician is a Canaanite language closely related to Hebrew. Very little is known about the Canaanite language, except what can be gathered from the El- Amarna letters written by Canaanite kings to Pharaohs Amenhopis III (1402 - 1364 BCE) and Akhenaton (1364 - 1347 BCE). It appears that the Phoenician language, culture, and writing were strongly influenced by Egypt (which controlled Phoenicia for a long time), as king Rib-Adda of Byblos admits in one of his letters to the pharaoh.

Our knowledge of the Phoenician language is based on the few extant written texts in Phoenician. Before circa 1000 BCE Phoenician was written using cuneiform symbols that were common across Mesopotamia. The first signs of the Phoenician alphabet found at Byblos are clearly derived from Egyptian hieroglyphics, and not from cuneiform. The 22 Phoenician letters are simplifications of Egyptian hieroglyphic symbols, which took on a standardized form at the end of the 12th century BCE. Like Hebrew and Arabic, Phoenician was written from right to left, and vowels were omitted (which makes deciphering Phoenician even harder).

Phoenician was written from right to left, & vowels were omitted.

Similarities to Hebrew

By 1000 BCE the Phoenician and Hebrew languages had become distinct from Aramaic, which was spoken in Canaan. To give a few examples, the "ha-" prefix is used in both Phoenician and Hebrew to indicate a determinate noun, while in Aramaic the "-a" suffix is used. The pronoun for the first person is "ānōkī" while in Aramaic it is "anā" (as it is in modern Arabic). The word for "son" is "bar" in Aramaic but "ben" is Phoenician and Hebrew. Nonetheless there are differences between Hebrew and Phoenician: The verbs for "to be" and "to do" differ and the long "a" sound in Hebrew is pronounced "o" in Phoenician, for example.

Evolution

The Phoenician writing system is, by virtue of being an alphabet, simple and easy to learn, and also very adaptable to other languages, quite unlike cuneiform or hieroglyphics. In the 9th century BCE the Aramaeans had adopted the Phoenician alphabet, added symbols for the initial "aleph" and for long vowels. This Aramaic alphabet eventually turned into modern Arabic. By the 8th century BCE, texts written in the Phoenician alphabet whose authors were probably not Phoenician appeared in Cilicia in southern Asia Minor and in northern Syria. Eventually the Greeks, who were in close trading contact with the Levant, adopted the Phoenician alphabet, added vowel sounds, and thus created the Greek alphabet (upon which our modern Latin alphabet is based).

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Phoenician is a Canaanite language closely related to Hebrew. Very little is known about the Canaanite language, except what can be gathered from the El- Amarna letters written by Canaanite kings to Pharaohs Amenhopis III (1402 - 1364 BCE) and Akhenaton (1364 - 1347 BCE).

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They invented some really important things for our society today, and contributed a lot to our people. They had very good military strategies, that were used a lot to conquer different places, they were one of the best carving sculptures on their weapons and tablets of stone. They were also the best (at their time) on making iron and copper tools and armor.

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The Persians used to do rock carvings, like sculpture, arts in many forms, routes of communication, and more. According to the History site (reference at the end), it says: The Persians were the first people to establish regular routes of communication between three continents—Africa, Asia, and Europe. They built many new roads and developed the world’s first postal service

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the acomplesment from the hittits is this kind of writhing called hattusa

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https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/persian-empire#:~:text=The%20Persians%20were%20the%20first,the%20world's%20first%20postal%20service.

https://www.worldhistory.org/Persian_Government/

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the hittites alsol acomplesed to make the fast wheeled hourses for war

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the hittis alsol envented - used the iron weponds

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The sumarians created the wheel, plow, and writing.