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1. Anonymous effect- This is where people are more susceptible to changing their personality, opinions, behavior, and more. This is based on feeling empowered behind the screen. This is important to my topic since it explains the physiological reasoning behind cyberbullying.

2. Cyberbullying- Cyberbullying is the use of social media or any device to put down another individual through social media posts, comments, or texts. This is important to my topic since it’s the main idea behind the Anonymous effect.

3. Online inhibition effect- This effect explains the psychological ideas of individuals to act impulsively online. While the anonymous effect explains how people’s identities aren’t revealed, this effect discusses causes for cyberbullying beyond even when their identities are displayed. This is vital to further discussion of the causes of cyberbullying.

4. Troll- This term describes an individual who harasses, upsets, or provokes others online by posting comments. This is important to my topic since it connects to the “Anonymous Effect”.

5. Digitial footprint- This describes the data left behind as people online post tiktoks, make comments, and more. This is important to my topic since it explains the potential consequences of cyberbullying.

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The reasoning behind cyberbullying-How hiding behind the screen gives people the courage to be verbally abusive and say things they’d never say in real life.

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1. Understanding the Anonymous Effect and Cyberbullying

1. Origin

1. How social media communication has changed over time

2. The cultural shift to digital communication

2. Psychological Factors

1. Online disinhibition/pyscological roots

2. Deindividuation on behavior on social media

3. Case studies(explaining the anonymous effect)

2. Cyberbullying

1. Forms

1. Versions of verbal abuse

2. Cyberbullying on social media

3. How anonymity creates more room for cyberbullying

2. Consequences

1. Emotional/physical impact on the victims

2. Legal actions

3. Long-term effects on their lives

3. Potential Solutions

1. Educational Initiatives

1. How teachers can teach proper online use

2. Promoting empathy for their peers

2. Technological Solutions

1. Social media platforms regulating comments

2. Reporting mechanisms for victims

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What are the underlying factors that drive individuals to cyberbully?

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1. What is online disinhibition?

2. How does anonymity impact cyberbullying?

3. How does cyberbullying have a lasting effect?

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1. https://methods.sagepub.com/case/thematic-analysis-research-consequences-adolescent-cyberbullying- The article consists of different components about cyberbullying. It goes into the definition and examples of cyberbullying. It focuses on ages 13-16 and includes data, analysis, and a case report.

2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378720617310200- This source includes information on the background of cyberbullying. It also includes a case study on the lasting effects of cyberbullying on social media use. This is valuable to my topic for background information and research.

1. Basic overview of cyberbullying

1. The act of harassing another individual over social media

2. Occurs at any time, anywhere

2. Features contributing

1. Online disinhibition, people are more susceptible to cyberbullying others due to no consequences

3. Effects of cyberbullying

1. Low performance in school, low self-esteem, depression, use of technology in the future

4. Sample and procedure

1. Objective: Investigate victims' severity of cyberbullying with satisfaction with using Facebook now

2. Focus on Facebook: Popularity among young adults, a lot of cases of cyberbullying

3. Constructs

1. Satisfaction- end result, how do people feel about Facebook? Individuals are expected to find Facebook less appealing

2. Enjoyment- How much individuals enjoy

3. Anxiety- Individuals are expected to feel more anxious using Facebook

4. PCS(Perceived Cyberbullying Severity)

5. Sample

1. Participants- Young adults who have been cyberbullied

2. Time Frame- In the past year

3. Data collection- Amongst the United States and Canada

4. Control variables- Age, gender, residency, school year, previous cyberbullying, traditional bullying, cyberbullying duration, coping methods, and Facebook account duration.

6. Results:

1. 36% cut back on Facebook after cyber bullying

2. Victims felt more anxious with higher PCS

3. Users reported reduced enjoyment and usefulness of Facebook post-cyberbullying.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0886260518819882?casa_token=1lfxQoTebBkAAAAA%3AO_6uSoA-l2OBqluDuYAT8TfN7hOUnhS3zdqwkMu952UpAo5WymBGvcpE_twfU6xfrCx2No2MPjg- This source includes data from cyber bullies and motives. This is important to the reasoning behind cyberbullying.

1. Report- A study was performed investigating the characteristics of cyberbullies and cyberbullying victims

2. Cyberbullying perception motives statistics

1. Entertainment

1. Cyberbully- 13.92

2. Revenge

1. Cyberbully-11.26

3. Harm

1. Cyberbully-6.96

4. Dominance

1. Cyberbully-9.70

5. Online Disinhibition

1. Cyberbully-17.29

6. Moral disengagement

1. Cyberbully-20.25

7. Narcissism

1. Cyberbully-5.14

8. Aggression

1. Cyberbully-32.44

3. Other findings-

1. 49.7% of participants have cyberbullied someone twice or more during the preceding 6 months

2. Males had significantly higher levels of moral disengagement than females,

3. Gender difference in cyberbullying perception differ by society

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1. Origin of cyberbullying

1. Communication has changed over the years. Social media has caused people to talk less in person.

2. Why do people act differently online

1. acting freely online- individuals feel more free talking online. how online behavior changes- not being recognized affects how people act. Real stories- cases of people being cyberbullied

3. Different Ways of cyber bullying

1. Different ways to bully- description of how people can bully in different ways. Cyberbullying on social media- how bullying happens on social media

2. Feeling bad physically/mentally-how being bullied online can make someone feel physically and emotionally. Legal consequences- the possible legal actions that can be taken against bullies. Lasting effect- how being cyberbullied can affect someone over time

3. Teaching online behavior- How a teacher can teachers can help students use the Internet safely. Being kind to others- Teaching students how to treat others, especially online. Social media- How platforms can implement safety mechanisms to reduce cyberbullying and give victims a way to report incidents