# data[].attributes.headline
•	Social isolation affords Merricat and Constance a level of personal agency unusual for women of their time. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Social isolation affords Merricat and Constance a level of personal agency unusual for women of their time. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	The novel is an examination of the sister’s plight to maintain this power from men who seek to reclaim it, i.e. Charles, Jim Donnell.

# data[].attributes.subject
•	The novel is an examination of the sister’s plight to maintain this power from men who seek to reclaim it, i.e. Charles, Jim Donnell.

# data[].attributes.headline
•	The home, its surrounding gardens and – beyond that – the encircling fence and large gate are all symbols of the way the sister’s isolation protects them from the effects of patriarchy that seek to oppress them. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	The home, its surrounding gardens and – beyond that – the encircling fence and large gate are all symbols of the way the sister’s isolation protects them from the effects of patriarchy that seek to oppress them. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Merricat’s rebelliousness and fantastical imagination is juxtaposed by Constance who is a literal thinker that dismisses Merricat’s “sill[i]”ness. Constance is hypersensitive and afraid of venturing beyond her domestic world, whereas Merricat is the antithesis of the idealised docile, domestic woman making her a powerful challenge to patriarchal norms. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Merricat’s rebelliousness and fantastical imagination is juxtaposed by Constance who is a literal thinker that dismisses Merricat’s “sill[i]”ness. Constance is hypersensitive and afraid of venturing beyond her domestic world, whereas Merricat is the antithesis of the idealised docile, domestic woman making her a powerful challenge to patriarchal norms. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Jackson employs the use of an unreliable narrator as a tool for projecting the protagonist's emotional instability, suggesting that while her isolation does offer some protection it also is responsible for madness or paranoia. Merricat oscillates between her internal visions of violent revenge against those who have wronged her and her family and her attempts to present a façade of normalcy. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Jackson employs the use of an unreliable narrator as a tool for projecting the protagonist's emotional instability, suggesting that while her isolation does offer some protection it also is responsible for madness or paranoia. Merricat oscillates between her internal visions of violent revenge against those who have wronged her and her family and her attempts to present a façade of normalcy. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Cousin Charles is cast as the ghost of this piece of Gothic fiction with Jackson using a living character to subvert the trope. Charles, a double of Merricat’s deceased father, haunts her: like John Blackwood, Charles tries to tame Merricat through punishment of her curious behaviours which are characterised as unwomanly and an affront to male dominance within the novel’s 1960s setting.

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Cousin Charles is cast as the ghost of this piece of Gothic fiction with Jackson using a living character to subvert the trope. Charles, a double of Merricat’s deceased father, haunts her: like John Blackwood, Charles tries to tame Merricat through punishment of her curious behaviours which are characterised as unwomanly and an affront to male dominance within the novel’s 1960s setting.

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Despite this, isolation is also presented as a dangerous force, as the Blackwood’s exclusion from mainstream society also sees them struggle. Constance’s social anxiety, Merricat’s creation of an alternate reality, and Julian’s dementedness are in part consequences of their social persecution. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Despite this, isolation is also presented as a dangerous force, as the Blackwood’s exclusion from mainstream society also sees them struggle. Constance’s social anxiety, Merricat’s creation of an alternate reality, and Julian’s dementedness are in part consequences of their social persecution. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Male power is emphasised through financial structures, whereby men have been the traditional ‘breadwinners’ for generations and have used this position to control women.

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Male power is emphasised through financial structures, whereby men have been the traditional ‘breadwinners’ for generations and have used this position to control women.

# data[].attributes.headline
•	John Blackwood, the father of the house, was a patriarch whose lofty position was established via accumulation and protection of money and possessions. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	John Blackwood, the father of the house, was a patriarch whose lofty position was established via accumulation and protection of money and possessions. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Jackson establishes John as the archetypal patriarch and proprietor that dominates society through transactions and rejection of altruism; however, Merricat’s poisoning of her father has resulted in a transfer of power from Blackwood men to Blackwood women.

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Jackson establishes John as the archetypal patriarch and proprietor that dominates society through transactions and rejection of altruism; however, Merricat’s poisoning of her father has resulted in a transfer of power from Blackwood men to Blackwood women.

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Cousin Charles’ arrival and his likeness to John Blackwood poses a threat to Merricat as she recognises his presence as a return to the traditional family hierarchy with a male at the helm.

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Cousin Charles’ arrival and his likeness to John Blackwood poses a threat to Merricat as she recognises his presence as a return to the traditional family hierarchy with a male at the helm.

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Uncle Julian, John’s brother, is dependent on his brother's charity and subject to his authority. Emasculated by the lack of authority and the failure to accumulate private wealth Julian is rendered both legally and symbolically powerless. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Uncle Julian, John’s brother, is dependent on his brother's charity and subject to his authority. Emasculated by the lack of authority and the failure to accumulate private wealth Julian is rendered both legally and symbolically powerless. 

# data[].attributes.body
His invalid state confirms that financial failure for men leads to powerlessness, dependency, emasculation. While Julian’s vulnerability allows the sisters to become powerful, Julian’s denial of Merricat’s existence is a reminder of her invisibility to the Blackwood men.

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Merricat’s unique style of witchcraft is a further expression of her independence from social hegemony and a means of coping with and resisting the difficulties faced by the protagonists. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Merricat’s unique style of witchcraft is a further expression of her independence from social hegemony and a means of coping with and resisting the difficulties faced by the protagonists. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Witchcraft is associated with women who transgress societal norms; Merricat’s burying of prized items she deems powerful and the presence of her anthropomorphised cat Jonas amplifies her witch-like image. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Witchcraft is associated with women who transgress societal norms; Merricat’s burying of prized items she deems powerful and the presence of her anthropomorphised cat Jonas amplifies her witch-like image. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	For Merricat, her practice of sympathetic magic can be seen as a way of trying to exert some control over her circumstances and to find a sense of agency in a world that often seems unfair and unpredictable. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	For Merricat, her practice of sympathetic magic can be seen as a way of trying to exert some control over her circumstances and to find a sense of agency in a world that often seems unfair and unpredictable. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Magic helps her to connect with a world that is beyond the narrow-mindedness and judgment of the villagers.

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Magic helps her to connect with a world that is beyond the narrow-mindedness and judgment of the villagers.

# data[].attributes.headline
•	The Villager’s destruction of the house as the fire rages is akin to the hysterical execution of witches by burning or stoning, yet in this instance Merricat and Constance both survive and then thrive in the wake of the disaster as their simplified existence leaves them happier than ever, furthered by their increased isolation from the patriarchal world. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	The Villager’s destruction of the house as the fire rages is akin to the hysterical execution of witches by burning or stoning, yet in this instance Merricat and Constance both survive and then thrive in the wake of the disaster as their simplified existence leaves them happier than ever, furthered by their increased isolation from the patriarchal world. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	The sister’s ultimate triumph is that they succeed in banishing from their lives the men who threaten to control them. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	The sister’s ultimate triumph is that they succeed in banishing from their lives the men who threaten to control them. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	The sister’s rejection of the various structures of male power, such as money, the traditional family, the reliance on men for protection, and the way they create a female-centred existence for themselves can be seen as a feminist utopia. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	The sister’s rejection of the various structures of male power, such as money, the traditional family, the reliance on men for protection, and the way they create a female-centred existence for themselves can be seen as a feminist utopia. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Merricat and Constance defy the power of men, such as through their disregard of money’s value: they simply use their father’s money in the safe to buy the necessities and are indifferent to their wealth; they brush of Charles’ obsession with money and materialism. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Merricat and Constance defy the power of men, such as through their disregard of money’s value: they simply use their father’s money in the safe to buy the necessities and are indifferent to their wealth; they brush of Charles’ obsession with money and materialism. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Importantly, as money is no issue to the Blackwood sisters, they are in a privileged position to not be slaves to powerful men and the economic system; they can choose not to rely on or value money and in so doing liberate themselves from male power. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Importantly, as money is no issue to the Blackwood sisters, they are in a privileged position to not be slaves to powerful men and the economic system; they can choose not to rely on or value money and in so doing liberate themselves from male power. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	Merricat and Constance employ the traditional female role of food preparation to express feminine power; their lives revolve around food and they spend a majority of their time in the kitchen and garden that provides them sustenance. The young women subvert the traditional gender role in which women prepare food for men by enjoying their food alone after Uncle Julian’s death. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	Merricat and Constance employ the traditional female role of food preparation to express feminine power; their lives revolve around food and they spend a majority of their time in the kitchen and garden that provides them sustenance. The young women subvert the traditional gender role in which women prepare food for men by enjoying their food alone after Uncle Julian’s death. 

# data[].attributes.headline
•	By the novel’s denouement, the sisters are entirely out of reach of the male-centric world, with only each other for company and their natural surrounds continuing to offer protection from the industrialised, grimy world of the village below.

# data[].attributes.subject
•	By the novel’s denouement, the sisters are entirely out of reach of the male-centric world, with only each other for company and their natural surrounds continuing to offer protection from the industrialised, grimy world of the village below.

# data[].attributes.headline
•	The sisters’ decision to live without men is a bold rejection of the stereotype that women need men to survive. 

# data[].attributes.subject
•	The sisters’ decision to live without men is a bold rejection of the stereotype that women need men to survive. 