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When:
700 BC Athens was the first modern democracy
Who:
Pericles, Aristotle, and Plato
How:
The assembly of the people debated public matters and made law, which was watched over by a group of 500 randomly chosen citizens every year.

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When:
Soon after 509 BC
Who:
Patricians, Plebeians, and Marcus Tullius Cicero
How:
Government was centered in the Senate (300 members), who were elected by the citizens. These people pretty much ran everything.

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When:
9th-12th Centuries AD
Who:
Lords, Vassals, and Serfs
How:
Powerful lords divided their lands among their vassals. Serfs gave some of their crops to Vassals in return for protection.

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When:
33 AD
Who:
Jesus, Moses, Pope, and Bishop
How:
Became the official church of the Roman Empire and the Pope and his Bishops vied for power with the lords and his vassals.

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When:
Late 1400s
Who:
Monarchs, Civil Servants, and Nobles
How:
Monarchs no longer needed the lords to support them, and their power became absolute.

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When:
Late 1400s - Early 1500s
Who:
Merchants, Monarchs, and Settlers
How:
The control of one nation over lands abroad.

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When:
Late 1400s - Early 1500s
Who:
Merchants, Monarchs, and Foreigners
How:
Emphasizes money as the chief source of wealth to increase the absolute power of the monarchy and the nation.

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When:
1685 - 1815
Who:
John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Francois-Marie Arouet, Baron de Montesquieu, and William Blackstone
How:
These people questioned traditional authority and embraced the notion that humanity could be improved through rational change.

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- A king or queen is Head of State
- Constitutional monarchy - while The Sovereign is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament

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- King Felipe VI serves as president
- Constitutionally the king accredits Spanish ambassadors to international states and governments, and foreign representatives to Spain are accredited before him
- The government of the day manages diplomatic policy on behalf of the monarch