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1. Definition: Visual storytelling is the art of conveying narratives and messages using visual elements like images, videos, illustrations, and even animations.

2. Who Invented It First: Visual storytelling doesn’t have a single inventor. It began with cave paintings (about 17,000 years ago) as one of the earliest ways humans told stories.

3. How & Tools:

How

1. Set Objective – What message/action do you want?

2. Know Audience – Who are you speaking to, and what emotions to tap?

3. Build Concept – Main idea + choose format (photo, video, infographic).

4. Plan Story – Sequence visuals (linear / non-linear) using a storyboard.

5. Design Visuals – Create or choose photos, graphics, or animations.

6. Add Text/Voice – Keep it short, support the visuals.

7. Share & Adapt – Adjust for social media, posters, or presentations.

Tools

- Design : Canva, Photoshop, Illustrator

- Images : Unsplash, Pixabay, Shutterstock

- Video Editing : iMovie, Adobe Premiere, CapCut

- Storyboard & Planning : Miro, Figma, Storyboard That, Trello

Example

- Comic strips, murals, documentaries, silent films.

4. Key Features:

- Uses drawings, photos, videos, infographics, and body language.

- Often non-verbal, making it accessible across languages.

Why is it important?

- Universal language all over the world

- Helps when words are not enough to describe something more clearly.

4. Benefits: Faster processing, improved understanding and emotional connection.

5. History: The earliest examples of visual storytelling are found in cave paintings.

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1) Oral storytelling - human activity / tradition of intimate storytelling / participants are seated together in a circular fashion / create personal bond

can be perform in poetic/song/dance/theatrical performance

2) Benefits of Oral Storytelling

Teaches moral lessons

Stories often carry messages about kindness, respect, humility, and responsibility.

Preserves culture and traditions

Before books and computers, people shared cultural practices and family history through stories.

Provides entertainment

Oral storytelling can be a simple bedtime story or a full performance with expressions, gestures, songs, dances, costumes, or props—making it fun and engaging.

Builds creativity and imagination

Listeners imagine the characters and settings, while storytellers find creative ways to describe them. This helps everyone expand their imagination and learn new words.

3) Disadvantages of Storytelling

1. Misaligned Objectives.

2. Misunderstanding Risks.

3. Cultural Sensitivity Issues.

4. Monotony In Stories.

5. Time Investment.

6. Resource Cost Needs.

7. Dependence For Engagement.

8. Subjective Perspectives

4) Characteristics:

Fluidity and Adaptability

-They can be modified, adapted, and shaped by storytellers.

Rhetorical Devices

-Storytellers employ techniques like repetition, metaphor,imagert and onomatopoeia.

Interaction and Performance

-The storyteller's voice,gestures,facial expressions, and expressions,and interaction with audience

5) Builds Vocabulary

Learn new words in real situations.

Improves Speaking & Listening

Hear natural pronunciation and practice fluency.

Aids Memory

Stories are easier to remember than facts.

Teaches Culture

Learn idioms, humor, and values.

Boosts Writing

See how sentences and ideas flow.

Encourages Thinking

Predict, analyze, and reflect

6) Type of Oral Storytelling

Folktales

- Traditional stories passed down through generations.

-Example: The Tortoise and the Hare.

Myths

-Stories explaining natural phenomena, the origin of the world, or gods and spirits.

-Example: Greek myth of Prometheus bringing fire to humans.

Legends

-Stories about heroes, leaders, or extraordinary events, often with a mix of fact and fiction.

-Example: King Arthur or Hang Tuah.

Fables

-Short stories, usually with animals as characters.

-Example: The Fox and the Grapes.

Epics

-Long narrative stories about heroic deeds, battles, or journeys.

-Example: The Iliad or Hikayat Seri Rama.

Fairy Tales

-Magical stories involving fantastical beings like fairies, witches, and giants.

-Example: Cinderella.

Proverbs & Riddles

-Short, witty sayings or puzzles used in oral traditions.

-Example: African riddles or Malay peribahasa.

Personal Narratives

-Real-life experiences told by the storyteller.

-Example: A grandmother telling how she grew up in her village.

Historical Tales

-Stories based on real historical events but told in an engaging way.

-Example: Oral traditions of World War II survivors.

Songs & Chants (Ballads)

-Oral stories told through music, rhythm, or poetry.

-Example: Folk ballads or pantun in Malay culture.