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Damascus was an important cultural and commercial centre, by virtue of its geographical position at the crossroads of the orient and the occident, between Africa and Asia.

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major central market for merchandise coming from diverse regions such as India, China, Daylam, or Anatolia

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the place from which Muhammad established the Muslim community after his flight from Mecca

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Mecca is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad. The Kaaba is located in the center of the Great Mosque in Mecca and universally considered by Muslims to be the most sacred spot on Earth

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place where Jews, Arabs and Christians all practised their beliefs without persecution

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played an important role in preserving and transmitting Hellenic culture to the wider Mediterranean world

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It is an ancient city who is of key importance to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

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(Constantinople)
Constantinople is generally considered to be the center and the "cradle of Orthodox Christian civilization"

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contributed greatly to various important fields such as medicine, mathematics, science, horticulture, architecture

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Egyptians invented writing, mathematics, medicine and astronomy.

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(Al Andalus)
brought an Islamic presence directly into Europe

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(persia)
Persians were the first people to establish regular routes of communication between three continents

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connect the Middle East, East Asia, India, and Africa, it was ideal for trading

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Persian Gulf (also known as the Arabian Gulf)

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Persian Gulf (also known as the Arabian Gulf)

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Persian Gulf (also known as the Arabian Gulf)

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important trade routes in the Sassanid Empire. Many of the trading ports of the Persian empires were located in or around Persian Gulf.

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red sea acted as a means of trade with the ancient kingdoms of India. Also used for communication and spread of ideas

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it provided routes for trade, colonization, war, and food.