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Table #7

- Peace of Westphalia is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster.

- It ended the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War.

- It is regarded as a key step in the development of tolerance and secularization across the world.

- As a result of the Peace of Westphalia, the Netherlands gained independence from Spain, Sweden gained control of the Baltic and France was acknowledged as the preeminent Western power.

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Table #6

- Fought between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany

- Happened because the Roman emperor wanted to force Roman Catholicism onto his subjects

- No winner

- The conflict wiped out 1/3 of the German population

- Recognized as the "official" end of the Protestant Reformation

- Provided the basis under which enlightenment blossomed

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Table #5
- A treaty signed on September 25th, 1555, in Augsburg, Germany
- Treaty between the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League
- The treaty was signed in an attempt to end the religious feud between the Protestants and the Catholics
- Under the terms of the treaty, each prince in the empire was given the right to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism as the official religion of his territory
- The subjects of the prince would have to follow his religion but were allowed to practice their own religion in private
- Marked a turning point in the religious history of Germany and paved the way for a more peaceful coexistence between the Protestants and the Catholics

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Table #4

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1534: Henry VIII becomes head of the Church of England

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1534: Henry VIII becomes head of the Church of England

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Wanted to divorce Catherine of aragon

pope wouldn't let him bc divorce was frowned upon in the catholic church

Married anne boleyn she was protestant so whe influence his beliefs

Led to him developing a new church which was mostly protestant

IMPACT

Protestantism became the norm

From that point on the monarch is also the head of the church of england

Table #3

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1521: Diet of Worms and Luther's excommunication

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1521: Diet of Worms and Luther's excommunication

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Table #2

- 1521 Luther was called to Diet Of Worms to meet with the roman emperor

- The meaning of the call was for him to defend his beliefs and discuss

-Luther refused to recant or resent any of the statements made

-Had protection from multiple german princes

-Greatly altered the course of western thought

-Death in 1546

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1517: Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses

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1517: Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses

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Table #1

95 theses

- represented an implicit criticism of papal/pope policy

propositions for debates:
-questioning indulgences, call for theological and ecclesiastical reform, published in 1518, posted on the door of Catholic church, in response to selling indulgences to pay for the Church's needs

-Bible is the central religious authority that humans may reach salvation only by the religion, not by their needs