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Carlos IV was the king of Spain. His valido, Godoy, was in charge on the government.

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The French citizens, who couldn´t stand absolutism anymore, fought until they had more rights. They killed the French king, Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette.
It was the beginning of liberalism.

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FRENCH REVOLUTION | Educational Video for Kids.

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The invention of the steam engine was the origin of the Industrial Revolution. Many factories were built in the city and many people moved from the countryside to cities to work.

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The Industrial Revolution - 5 things you should know - History for children

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These 2 revolutions (French Revolution and Industrial Revolution) were the origin of the Contemporary Age

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In 1808, the French troops led by Napoleon invaded Spain. Napoleón asked Carlos IV and his valido, Godoy, if they go through Spain in their way to conquer Portugal. Once they got that permission and the French troops were in Spain, they stayed.

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After the French invasion, Napoleon named his brother, Jose Bonaparte, the new king of Spain. Spanish citizens used to call him Pepe Botella.

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The 2nd May of 1808 the Spanish people started to fight against the French troops. It was the beginning of the War of Independence that lasted until 1814.
Some countries like Portugal and England helped Spain in this war against France.

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In 1812, a parliament was created in Cadiz by some people that were against the French and they didn´t recognise Jose Bonaparte as the king of Spain.
They wrote the 1st Constitution of Spain on 19th March,
that´s why it was called La Pepa.

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Fernando VII became the king of Spain. He abolished the Constitution and he became an absolut monarch.

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In 1820, Colonel Riego and his supporters forced Fernando VII to stop being an absolut monarch, so he became a liberal monarch for three years.

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In 1823, Fernando VII went back to absolutism and it was the beginning that was known as the ¨Decada ominosa¨.
During this period Spain lost most of the colonies in America (all but Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philipinnes).

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1830 Fernando VII abolished the Salic Law

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1830 Fernando VII abolished the Salic Law

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In 1830, Fernando VII had a daughter. As she was his only child, he abolished tha Salic Law, which didn´t allow women to be queens.

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1833-1843 María Cristina de Borbón was the regent.

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1833-1843 María Cristina de Borbón was the regent.

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When Fernando VII died, his daughter Isabel was only 3 years old so she couldn´t reign. Her mother and Fernando´s wife was in charge of the monarchy until Isabel was ready.

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Carlos de Borbón, Fernnando VII´s brother.

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In 1833, when Fernando died, his brother Carlos didn´t accept that his daughter would be the new queen. As a consequence, Carlos and his supporters provoked a war between liberals (Isabelinos) and absolutists (Carlists) that took from 1833 to 1840.

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In 1837, a new Constitution was signed. It was quite liberal and it gave more power to the parliament.

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In 1843, at the age of 13 years old, Isabel II became the queen of Spain.

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In 1845, the liberals were divided in 2 groups that wanted to distribute the power in different ways. They were the progressives (more power for the parliament) and the moderates (more power for the queen).
As a consequence of this, Isabel II created a new constitution, which was quite conservative, and gave more power to the queen.

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In 1846, since the liberals were divided, Carlos started another war in Spain, the 2nd Carlist War. It lasted 3 years.

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In 1868, there was a liberal revolution led by militars against Isabel II. This revolution was called ¨La Gloriosa¨ and they wanted to remove Isabel II from the throne. Finally, this revolution succeded and Isabel II was exiled to France.

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After Isabel II was exiled, there was a 6-year period when the liberals took control and ruled Spain, with much more power for the parliament.

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In 1869, a new constitution was adopted. This constitution was very liberal, giving more power to the parliament and having more rights for citizens, like voting (only men).

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1869-1873 Amadeo de Saboya was the king.

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1869-1873 Amadeo de Saboya was the king.

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In 1869, the liberals brought a new king from Italy. He was Amadeo de Saboya, who had no relationship with the Borbon dinasty.

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In 1872, the 3rd and last Carlist War started. By this time, Carlos (Fernando´s brother). It lasted 4 years, until 1876.

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In 1873, Amadeo I abdicated and left Spain. After that, the 1st Spanish Republic was declared, but it only lasted 1 year.

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1875-1885 Monarchy Restoration. Alfonso XII

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1875-1885 Monarchy Restoration. Alfonso XII

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In 1875, once the Republic was over, the monarchy was back in Spain. That period is known as the Monarchy Restoration.
Alfonso XII (Isabel II´s son) was the new king to restore monarchy.

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In 1876, a new constitution was signed. This constitution gave so much power to the king, Alfonso XII, who had the right of veto. It means that he could abolish any law that the parliament voted.

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Cánovas del Castillo, leader of the Conservatives.

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The parliament was divided in 2 groups, the liberals, whose leader was Sagasta, and the conservatives, whose leader was Cánovas del Castillo.
The elections to choose the members of the parliament were manipulated with the help of local ¨caciques¨ so there was a political alternancy in the parliament between liberals and conservatives.
We must remember that the king, Alfonso XII, had the right of veto.

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In 1885, Alfonso XII died when he was expecting a son. His son was in his mum´s tummy, he wasn´t born yet.

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1885-1902 María Cristina of Habsburg was the regent.

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1885-1902 María Cristina of Habsburg was the regent.

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In 1885, when Alfonso XII died, he didn´t have any son so his wife, María Cristina of Habsburg, became the regent until their son was old enough to become the king.

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In 1898. there was a crisis and Spain lost its last colonies, Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philipinnes after different wars.