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St. Augustine = lat. for: „Love, and do what you will.”, preached to the new born in Epistolam Joannis ad Parthos (ad 413) tractatus 7, sect. 8, the quote suggests that if somebody loves genuinely, their actions will naturally be aligned with the good

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shameful, unpleasant; mostly used to describe aspects of human behavior/society -> “the seamy details of the scandal.”

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angry conflict/disagreement over fundamental issues ->  “a political strife”

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intense/passionate enthusiasm -> “she spoke with all the fervor about his newly published book.”

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hanging chad: a problem with the punch-card voting system that resulted in ballots being counted incorrectly ->
hanging-chad scale: a humorous measurement of the level of chaos in a situation, mostly used in a political context

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widely known, often with a negative connotation -> “He was notoriously late to the meeting.”

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a small quantity of something that could be held in one’s hand -> “They picked up a handful of candy.”

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something outstanding or distinguished -> “she was eminently qualified for that job.”

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a substance made up of many repeating units, chemically linked through the process of polymerization -> results in a larger, more complex molecule

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language of speech used in informal, everyday conversation; relaxed and familiar tone, often contains idioms, slang, expressions of casual conversation

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slang term, used to describe a person who is perceived as being elitist, somebody who acts superior towards others

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presenting an argument to a group of people who already agree with the speaker’s position, beliefs or values

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half-caffeinated/decaffeinated coffee, a blend of regular and decaffeinated coffee

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a facial expression that shows discomfort and pain

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facial expression/tone of voice that shows disrespect and involves a sense of superiority

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phrase commonly found in grocery store posted above a checkout aisle, lane where shoppers with a small number of items can quickly check out and pay

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spoken or written communication in different contexts with a purpose between people

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opened 1974 in South Dakota, a budget-friendly clean and comfortable option for travellers, a stay at an affordable price

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acronym for “for your information”, used in both spoken and written communication

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linguistic and temporal context or environment in which a particular word or phrase was used

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estimating values between two measured values, mostly used in a scientific context, approximation by a series of observations

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something appropriate or adequate for a situation, can refer to a gesture, word or an action that is considered fitting in a particular context

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to be annoyed, irritated or frustrated by something, also troubled or disturbed by a thing -> “I am vexed by this difficult problem.”

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dictionary making/editing and its principles

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a well-respected group of experts in the field of language that officially (sometimes publicly) discusses a specific subject

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the largest university press in the whole world, a department of the University of Oxford (UK), was founded in the 1480s, publishes academic, educational journals and digital resources as well as dictionaries, operates in 50 countries, publishes in many languages, and has offices around the globe

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1998; published by the Oxford University Press, provides a comprehensive guide to contemporary American English Usage, covers language usage, grammar, pronunciation, syntax, style, vocabulary and distinctions, praised for its accuracy and practicality

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E.W. Gilman’s Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage

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E.W. Gilman’s Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage

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1957; a reference book for writers/editors providing guidance on the proper use of English, based on Noah Webster’s original dictionary

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Oxford, 1996; updated version of the first version published in 1926. Edited by several linguists over the years, includes entries on controversial topics such as the Oxford comma

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a body of concepts/theories represented by a group or culture about life or culture

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Liberal: left-leaning ideology in the U.S., believing in equality/individual liberty
Conservative: right leaning ideology of the U.S., belief in limited individualism and government

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deceit or dishonest conduct by individual people or organizations, involving abuse of power for personal gain

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policy allowing excessive freedom of behaviour that is typically considered inappropriate

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form of government in which a small group of people/families hold significant power and influence, wealthy elite controlling the whole society

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= two competing philosophies/worldviews

Egalitarianism: decisions and power should be equally shared between gender/religion/economic/status/political beliefs

Traditionalism: maintaining established traditions and values, rejecting changes

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a pretended rhetoric act that strives to appeal to “ordinary people”, to gain support from general public while serving the interests of the wealthy elites

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a strong belief held with certainty, also a legal term in which a person is found guilty of a crime

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the quality of a person of being honest and ethical and having strong moral principles

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government in which the power is held by the people either directly or through elected representatives

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the hierarchy of needs, a theory that human needs can be organized into a pyramid-shaped hierarchy (at the base being water, food, shelter)

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a person or belief that is without consideration of other viewpoints or evidence to the contrary, arrogant assertion of unproven principles

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something happening in the same period as the person using the term

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the power to make decisions and enforce rules, a person or organization can be given the power to control

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a group of words functioning as a single unit in a sentence

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to describe the stocks of small companies that have low market capitalization

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a piece of writing presenting an argument or a personal perspective on a particular topic

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the art of persuasive communication used to inform or influence an audience

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the way in which language is used to communicate a message; elements of vocabulary, syntax, tone and imagery

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a subfield of linguistics focused on the scientific study of language; the language structure, meaning and use; areas of study include analysis of sound patterns, mathematics, computer science and description of language

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linguistic modality found in some dialects of English, use of two modal verbs -> “might could”, “might should”. “might would”

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type of transitive verb - instead of “I broke the vase.” -> “The vase broke.”

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(354-430), was a Christian theologian, philosopher and the bishop of the Roman Empire (more precisely: Hippo Regius in Numidia (Roman North Africa – now Algeria)); one of the most influential figures in development of Western Philosophy, Culture and Christianity, a saint of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran and Anglican Church

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(born 1958), language expert, lexicographer and lawyer; author of many legal books and of “A Dictionary of Modern American Usage”, known for his expertise in language usage and clear, effective writing,

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(1929-2009) American journalist, best known for his work as a columnist for The New York Times, wrote several books on language and usage

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expressing strong disapproval, often used to describe a manner of speech that is critical/confrontational -> “He responded to the proposal with an expostulatory tone.”

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severe and extremely critical

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behaviour that shows you think you are more important or more intelligent than other people

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the limit of someone's responsibility, interest, or activity

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an adjective added to a person's name or a phrase used instead of it, usually to criticize or praise them

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the symbol -, used to join two wordstogether, or to show that a word has been divided into two parts at the end of one line and the beginning of the next

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existing or happening now, and therefore seeming modern

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great enthusiasm or eagerness

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old fashioned

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behaviour that is a social mistake or is not polite

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a stupid and obvious mistake, especially in something that someone says or writes

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being in vogue; fashionable; chic

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a very expensive type of violin made by the Stradivarius family during the 17th and 18th centuries

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having strong feelings of shock or disapproval

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the belief in or practising of egalitarian principles (= the idea that all people should have the same rights and opportunities)

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the fact that people are made to follow rules in a very severe way

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careful and using a lot of effort

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an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something, pronounced as a word

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an annoying or boring person, especially someone who is always criticizing or complaining

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to strongly encourageor try to persuade
someone to do something

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to say that someone or something is not good or important

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if a word, object, or situation connotes something, it makes you think of a feeling or an idea that is more than its basic meaning

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derogatory or unpleasant terms

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an introduction at the beginning of a book explaining its purpose, thanking people who helped the author, etc.

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a remedial action is intended to correct something that is wrong or to improve a bad situation

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suffering from rabies

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very difficult or impossible to control, manage, or solve

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of, pertaining to, or resembling a carbuncle, esp. having a carbuncle or a red
and inflamed area

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to form or give out a thick, yellow liquid because of infection

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(1709-1784), born in England, English writer and lexicographer; author of “ Dictionary of the English Language”, published in 1755 as one of the most influential and widely used dictionaries of English language