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Chamberlain's Policy of Appeasement (September 30th, 1938)

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Chamberlain's Policy of Appeasement (September 30th, 1938)

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The policy of appeasement was proposed by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, who wanted to avoid war. So, the policy gave Germany the ability to expand its territory with no complications from Britain. Shortly after, Germany entered Rhineland and later annexed Austria, so it is clear that Great Britain avoided major consequences. Although at the time the policy was popular with British Citizens, it is now seen as an act of weakness. (Imperial War Museum)

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The Nonaggression Pact, also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, was an agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union, to not take military action on each other for ten years. Stalin felt that this was a good way to keep Germany away while the Soviets build up their military, and Hitler felt that this was a good way to invade Poland with no Soviet complications. (The History Channel)

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Why did Germany ask the Soviet Union to sign the Nonaggression pact?

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Germany Invades Poland (September 1st, 1939)

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Germany Invades Poland (September 1st, 1939)

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On this day in 1939, Germany bombed Poland, hoping to eventually rule it. This was the premiere of the "blitzkrieg strategy", which Germany would use throughout the war. It also displayed Germany's ruthless way of fighting and officially started the second World War. (The History Channel)

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Dunkirk Evacuation (May 26th-June 4th, 1940)

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Dunkirk Evacuation (May 26th-June 4th, 1940)

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On May 10th, Germany invaded France, pushing the British Expeditionary Force and France to the port of Dunkirk. The Royal Navy organized a mission to get the troops back to Britain. The evacuation began on May 26th, sending aircraft and ships, and the last British troops were evacuated on June 4th. This mission is also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, as 338,000 French and British Soldiers were evacuated. (Imperial War Museum)

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Battle of Britain (July 10th-Oct. 31st, 1940)

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Battle of Britain (July 10th-Oct. 31st, 1940)

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Germany wanted to get air superiority over Britain, after the Dunkirk Evacuation, and the fall of France. "The pilots of RAF Fighter Command, flying iconic aircraft including the Hurricane and Spitfire, were supported by a vast network of ground crew during the battle" (Imperial War Museum). Eventually, the German planes were defeated, forcing Hitler away from his invasion plans. (Imperial War Museum)

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The Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7th, 1941)

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The Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7th, 1941)

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On December 7th, hundreds of Japanese planes destroyed 20 American naval vessels, eight battleships, and over 300 planes, at an American Naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii. 2,400 were killed, and over 1,000 were wounded. This event is extremely prominent in WWII because, on December 8th, President Roosevelt asked congress to get the United States involved in the war. (The History Channel)

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Pearl Harbor's original name is Wai Momi but it is also called Pearl Harbor to display the bases pearls in the protective waters.

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Japanese Internment Camps (February 19th, 1942)

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Japanese Internment Camps (February 19th, 1942)

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Following the attack of Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt felt the need to establish camps for people of Japanese descent, including U.S. citizens. Military zones were created in states that had an exceptionally high Japanese population, such as California, Oregon, and Washington. Removing them from their homes, about 120,000 people were taken into these camps. Although these camps weren't nearly as harsh as the camps put in place by the Nazis, it is still considered one of the Country's largest faults. (The History Channel)

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Battle of El Alamein (July 1st-27th, 1942)

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Battle of El Alamein (July 1st-27th, 1942)

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The Allied forces succeeded in driving the Axis forces into a defensive position in Libya. However, the Allied forces suffered heavy losses in their armored forces from Rommel's repeated air and tank attacks.  Rommel eventually forced a retreat from the Allied, forcing them to leave a large number of supplies behind. However, the Allied powers, reinforced by American supplies, and reorganized by British General Bernardo Montgomery, battled Rommel and his exhausted men to a standstill. (The History Channel)

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Bernard Montgomery suffered a gunshot to the chest in an earlier battle. The doctor said it was fatal, and they had begun to dig a grave in preparation for his death. Miraculously, he survived and later led the Allied troops to victory in the Battle of El Alamein.

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Operation Torch was the first time that the U.S. military took action against Germany, trapping them as they fled from El-Alamein. This Operation offered the chance to end the desert war and open the Mediterranean. This was also America's first major victory in WWII. (Britannica)

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Siege of Leningrad ( Sept. 8th, 1941-Jan. 27th, 1944)

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Siege of Leningrad ( Sept. 8th, 1941-Jan. 27th, 1944)

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"On September 8, 1941, German forces closed in around the Soviet city of Leningrad, initiating a siege that would last nearly 900 days..." (The History Channel). Leningrad had an incredibly unprepared army, although their biggest problem was their lack of food. In total the Siege killed 800,000 citizens as many as the U.S. and U.K. had in the total war combined), and displays Germany's ruthless fighting style, and Hitler's heartless motives. (The History Channel)

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Battle of Stalingrad (Aug. 23th, 1942 - Feb. 2nd, 1943)

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Battle of Stalingrad (Aug. 23th, 1942 - Feb. 2nd, 1943)

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The Battle of Stalingrad was a ruthless affair between Russia and Nazi Germany and is known as one of the harshest and longest battles, in modern warfare. More than 2 million troops fought, and two million people were killed, including many Russian citizens. As a result of the battle, the tides were turned in favor of the Allied forces. (The History Channel)

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Why was the Battle of Stalingrad known as one of the harshest and longest battles in modern warfare? Give two examples.

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About 75,000 American and Filipino troops were forced to make a 65-mile march to prison camps on the Bataan Peninsula on the Philippine Island of Luzon. The Japanese took control of the area after the U.S. surrendered the Bataan Peninsula in 1942 and the POWs (prisoners of war) were subjected to brutal treatment from the Japanese guards. An estimated 17,000 men died during and after the march.
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In hopes to create the same destruction as Pearl Harbor, Japan planned another surprise attack at an Allied base called Midway. The attack turned into an epic battle between Japan in the U.S. that took place in both the sea and air. In the end, the battle was a major success for America and was another event that turned the tides of the war in favor of the Allied. (The History Channel)

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In April of 1942, Japan captured many of the key islands in the South Pacific. So, the leaders of the U.S. army devised a never seen before plan, that is now called "island hopping". The objective of the plan was to first capture islands, not strongly defended by Japan. This allowed them to get closer to their main target, the islands of Japan. The plan would be successful and eventually lead to the Battle of Iwo Jima years later when the U.S. would fight Japan for the first time on Japanese soil. (Primary Sources.edu)

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Explain Island Hopping in your own words.

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 First use of Kamikazes (October 25th, 1944)

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 First use of Kamikazes (October 25th, 1944)

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During the battle of Leyte Gulf, the Japanese used Kamikazes for the first time against American Warships. Kamikaze was a way of fighting in which pilots would load their planes with explosives, then deliberately crashed into their targets. While this tactic is effective, it can be costly for both sides. In total, more than 1,321 Japanese soldiers used Kamikaze against America, causing over 3,000 deaths of both Americans and Brits. During the battle of Leyte Gulf, the use of this tactic was first used, which gave both citizens and soldiers a taste of the war tactics to come.  (The History Channel and Britannica).

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Also called the Battle of Normandy, on June 6th, 1944, "156,000 American, British, and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified coast of France’s Normandy region" (The History Channel). The goal was to weaken Germany and free the land from German rule. This mission took lots of planning and is known as one of the largest military assaults of all time. In the end, the mission was a success, and in the Spring, the allies were to defeat Germany. D-Day was "the beginning of the end" of warfare in Europe. (The History Channel)

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D-Day Video Clip From "Saving Private Ryan"

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D-Day Video Clip From "Saving Private Ryan"

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May eighth was the day German troops throughout Europe laid down their arms. The German surrender was realized in a final cease-fire. More surrender documents were signed in eastern Germany and Berlin. The main goal of many German soldiers was to escape capture, however, the Russians took approximately 2 million prisoners in the period just before and during the German surrender. (The History Channel)

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The Yalta conference was a meeting between the leaders of America, Britain, and The Soviet Union, to discuss the fate of post-war Germany, the entry of the soviets, and the formation of the United Nations. In the end, the "big three" agreed that after Germany's surrender, the land would be divided into four sections, controlled by U.S., British, French, and Soviet military forces. (The History Channel)

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The Battle of Iwo Jima took place between U.S marines, and the Japanese imperial army. "the island of Iwo Jima had three airfields that could serve as a staging facility for a potential invasion of mainland Japan" (The History Channel). On February 19th, American forces invaded the island, and the epic battle latest for five weeks, being some of the bloodiest, harshest fighting of the entire war. 200 Japanese forces were killed, as well as 7,000 marines. (The History Channel)

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Battle of Okinawa (March 26-July 2, 1945)

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Battle of Okinawa (March 26-July 2, 1945)

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The Battle of Okinawa was the last major battle of World War II. The Navy's Fifth Fleet and more than 180,000 U.S. Army and Marine Corps descended on the Pacific island of Okinawa for a final push toward Japan on April 1, 1945. The invasion was part of Operation Iceberg, a plan to invade Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands. Although the Allied emerged victorious, rainy weather, kamikaze fighters, and fierce fighting on land, sea, and air led to a large death toll on both sides. (The History Channel)

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Forming of the United Nations (April-June, 1945)

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Forming of the United Nations (April-June, 1945)

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"The United Nations (U.N.) is a global diplomatic and political organization dedicated to international peace and stability" (The History Channel). The U.N. was officially established in 1945. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin had discussed the possibility of starting a peace effort and came up with The Atlantic Peace Charter, which outlined the goal of the UN. In 1942, 26 nations met to sign the Declaration of the United Nations, which essentially laid out the objectives of this new peace act.  When it first came to be, the U.N. had 51 members, and today it has 193. The United Nations dedicates itself to forming peace between nations all over the world. (The History Channel)

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On August 6th, an American B-29 dropped an Atomic Bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The dropping was ruthless, killing an estimated 80,000 people, destroying buildings, and causing long-term effects like radiation poisoning, and even cancer to those who survived. This was the debut of the atomic bomb, a terrifying weapon that could cause damage like nothing before. President Truman decided to drop the bomb because he expected that Japan would surrender (although they were already close to being defeated). However, Japan wouldn't surrender until the second atomic bomb was dropped, on August 9th, in Nagasaki. The dropping of the bomb is extremely controversial because it destroyed many lives, yet ended the war, and it is a highly debated topic in most history classes. (The History Channel and WWII notes)

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When Hiroshima's bombing failed to induce Japanese surrender, Major Charles Sweeny flew another B-29 bomber, Bockscar, from Tinian. However, their original target, the city of Kokura, had thick clouds above it, causing Sweeny to go after their second target, Nagasaki. At 11:02 am the plutonium bomb, the "Fat Man", was dropped on the city.  "Fat Man" was more powerful than the one used at Hiroshima, weighing nearly 10,000 pounds, and was built to produce a 22-kiloton blast. However, Nagasaki was in a narrow valley between mountains, containing the blast to 2.6 square miles. Roughly 60,000 to 80,000 people died from acute exposure to the blast and from the long-term effects of nuclear radiation. (The History Channel)

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It was announced that Japan had surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, effectively ending World War II on August 14, 1945. Since then, both August 14 and August 15 have been known as “Victory over Japan Day,” or simply “V-J Day.” The term has also been used for Japan’s formal surrender took place aboard the U.S.S. Missouri, anchored in Tokyo Bay on  September 2, 1945. Japan’s capitulation in the Pacific brought six years of hostilities to a final and highly anticipated close. (The History Channel)