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A paradox is a figure of speech that at first seems false or contradictory but, upon further investigation, might be true or likely.
Example:

Save money by spending it.

If I know one thing, it's that I know nothing.

This is the beginning of the end.

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Euphemism is the replacement of a harsh or unpleasant word or phrase with a milder or indirect word or phrase. For example, instead of saying that you were fired from a job, you might say that your company was downsizing. Authors use euphemisms to write about a difficult topic without embarassing the reader.

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Symbolism is the use of a symbol to represent something else. The symbol might be an object, person, place, or event. A symbol often represents an abstract idea, but it can also represent something concrete.

A dove is a common symbol. It often represents the abstract concept of peace. Be aware that a symbol can have more than one meaning, and its meaning can change throughout a text or from one text to another.

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Imagery appeals to one or more of the reader’s five senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. Authors use sensory language to create a clear image in the reader’s mind. For example, an author might create an image of ocean waves on a shoreline by describing them as “gentle lapping waves, cool to the touch.”

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An idiom is an expression that means something different from its literal meaning.

Example: it's raining cats and dogs.

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Repetition involves repeating a word, phrase, or sentence multiple times
example:
To love is to dream, to dream is to live, to live is to enjoy, to enjoy is to love.

Another definition:
If used occasionally, it can be quite effective to drill home a point, or to create an atmosphere,
For example horror writers often use this to make the reader feel trapped and scared:
"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy"
"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy"

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A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction.

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An allusion is a reference to an event, a person, or another text.
Writers use allusions to make comparisons and build connections with their readers, allusions also help writers summarize complex ideas in one quick reference.

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Alliteration is the use of the same sound or sounds, especially consonants, at the beginning of several words that are close together.

"Round the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran".