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In 1793, American inventor and teacher Eli Whitney moved from Connecticut to Georgia. Georgia had lots of cotton plantation, but picking the seeds from the cotton was hard work and very tedious. Once Whitney heard about this cotton picking problem, he decided he was going to build a special machine to help. This machine was called a cotton gin. It had two rollers and thin wire teeth that would comb the seeds out of the cotton and made the picking process much faster and easier.

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In the late 1780s, a law was passed in Britain. This law forbade anyone from bringing plans for new machines out of the country because they wanted these plans kept secret. A British mechanic named Samuel Slater set a goal to prove this cannot be done. He knew everything about mills and how they worked and knew that this knowledge would be useful in America. In 1789, he set off on his trip to America by boat. British officials failed to find his plans because those plans were all in his head, he was so skilled, he memorized everything. Once in America, he went to a Quaker capitalist named Moses Brown, who had a mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The machine parts kept breaking which was a problem, so Slater began to make improvements on the mill with the knowledge he had from Britain. Later, in 1793, that mill became the first successful textile mill in America. After the success of the Pawtucket mill, other manufacturers began to use his ideas to make more improvements on their mills.

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In the late 1790's, most goods were made by hand. While this was very common, it was not very beneficial, as goods like muskets always happened to be slightly different then each other, and if one piece happened to break, the gunsmith would have to create a whole new piece. This could lead to more breakage. That's when American inventor Eli Whitney came up with a solution to this problem. His solution? Interchangeable parts. This meant that instead of goods being handmade, they could be easily assembled using different manufactured pieces. This meant all assembled goods would be identical. If one part happened to break, it could easily be replaced. This idea of Whitney's was finally launched into motion in 1798 and soon after, many other manufacturers followed in his footsteps.

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In the 1800s, children as young as age seven would work in factory mills. They were very useful in textile mills because they could fit into small spaces to change out the spindles. Children also worked very hard on farms and though both jobs were quite dangerous, especially for small children, the wages they would earn were often needed to help support their families.

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Once different industries started growing, more job opportunities started popping up, which led to more people moving from farms to cities. This eventually led to lots of overpopulation in many cities. In 1800, only 6% of the nation's population lived in cities, but by 1850, over 15% of the nation's population lived in cities.

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In 1834, a man named Philo Stewart created the first cast-iron stove. It was small, practical, and extremely successful. About 90,000 of these small wood-burners were sold.

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In 1812, a Boston merchant named Francis Cabot Lowell, made some improvements on textile mills. Instead of having separate factories for spinning thread and weaving thread, he built a new mill in Waltham, Massachusetts, equipped with all the tools and machinery to turn cotton into cloth. After he died, his partners decided to build an entire factory town and name it after him. Lowell, Massachusetts became a full five farm village in 1821. Later, the company decided to hire the young girls from the farms to work at their mills. These girls were called the Lowell girls. They worked long days, with dangerous machinery, but this gave them a sense of freedom.

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In 1844, a man named Samuel F. B. Morse invented a machine called a telegraph, also known as a "talking wire". Morse created a series of codes using dots, dashes, and spaces, which would later be called Morse code. This Morse code was sent using electrical signals, created by the telegraph, through a wire. The invention became a success immediately and more and more people began to buy their own telegraph.

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In 1846, a man named Elias Howe invented the very first sewing machine. Later this invention was slightly improved by a man named Isaac Singer. This invention was a hit and clothing makers all around America were now able to speed up the process of making clothes.

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In 1847, a man named Cyrus McCormick invented a machine called the mechanical reaper. This was a machine that was pulled by a horse and both cut and collected grains like wheat. It could do the jobs of five people in one machine.