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In Scene Two, what role does Ismene play in the confrontation between Antigone and Creon? How does her attitude differ from Antigone’s, and what does this suggest about her character?

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In Ode Two, the Chorus speaks of the power of the gods over mortals. How does this ode foreshadow the potential consequences of Creon’s actions against Antigone?

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How does Ode Two reflect the themes of fate and divine retribution introduced earlier in the play? What warnings or insights does the chorus provide about the events unfolding in Thebes?

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In Scene Two, how does Antigone defend her decision to bury her brother despite Creon’s decree? What values does she emphasize in her argument?

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In Scene Two, what is Creon’s reaction to Antigone’s defiance, and how does his reaction reveal his leadership style and character?

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Antigone defends her decision by saying, “But all your strength is weakness itself against/ The immortal unrecorded laws of God” (Sophocles 60-61). Antigone is saying that the gods have power over all mankind even Creon and that she believes that what she did was right.  She also knows that one day she will die, and she would rather die knowing she honored her brother rather than being ashamed she didn’t have the guts to bury him. Antigone shows that she values family above all else and she would choose them time and time again.

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In Ode Two, the Chorus emphasizes the power that the gods have over mankind and mortality. The Chorus states, “No pride on earth is free of the curse of heaven” (20). No mortal, especially those who are prideful, will ever be above the gods and free from their curse. Creon’s pride foreshadows the curse he will receive from the gods, as a result of being hubris.

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In the conflict between Antigone and Creon, Ismene's role is to represent everything Antigone is not: a rule follower and obedient to the law. Creon is aware of Ismene's beliefs, calling her out on her words telling her that "Yours certainly did, when you assumed guilt with the guilty" (Sophocles 152). Creon is stating that he knows Ismene is not guilty, but her guilt of letting her sister die is driving her to say that she is. Antigone and Ismene are direct foils of each other, which Antigone emphasizes when she tells Ismene to "Ask Creon. You're always hanging on his opinions" (Sophocles 141). When Antigone says this, it gives the audience a further look into Ismene and her belief of following orders, regardless if they are morally wrong.

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In Ode Two, stanza 3 talks about Creon’s mortal arrogance by thinking he is above the gods. It states how he cannot escape Zeus wrath, “Sleep cannot lull him, nor the effortless long months/ of the timeless gods: but he is young forever” (Sophocles 15-16). Zeus lives forever, no matter what Creon does, he cannot outrun or outlast Zeus, “No pride on earth is free of the curse of heaven” (Sophocles 20). This ode foreshadows Creon’s wrath of the gods for his hubris ways.

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Antigone defends her decision to bury her brother despite Creon's decree by acknowledging that she would have suffered if she let Polyneices lay unburied. To further defend her decision, she says "Think Death less than a friend? This death of mine / Is of no importance; but if I had left my brother / Lying in death unburied, I should have suffered. / Now I do not" (Sophocles 69-72). In her argument, she emphasizes that her own life means less to her than the respect of her family.

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Ismene is arrested for knowing of Antigone's plan to bury her brother and not notifying Creon about it. As a result, Ismene is to be killed along with Antigone. Even though she didn't assist Antigone in the burial, Ismene still demonstrates loyalty to her family: "What do I care for life when you [Antigone] are dead? (Sophocles 140). Ismene's attitude reflects her possible guilt or loyalty to her sister in contrast to Antigone's harsh and critical tone. Ismene's unwillingness to bury her brother proves that she is wiser and more cautious than her sister, but in the end when she and Antigone are going to die, her loyalty to her family and Antigone is shown.

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The role that Ismene plays in the confrontation between Creon and Antigone is someone who wants to “takes my share of punishment” (Sophocles 134). She says this because she feels guilty even though Antigone thinks that “words are not friends” (Sophocles 136). Showing us that Antigone thinks she does not deserve to die by her side. Ismene’s attitude is different from Antigone because Ismene is very accepting of whatever Creon says should be done, meanwhile, Antigone has a very harsh and blunt tone. This suggests that Ismene is willing to accept death over feeling guilty that she did nothing, as is suggested when she says “But we are equally guilty!” (Sophocles 146).

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Antigone stands up for herself and her decision to bury her brother by declaring, "It was not God's proclamation. That final Justice/ That rules the world below makes no such laws."(Sophocles 56-17). She says that not burying her brother is not God's will and there is no law of the gods that states she can't bury her brother. This shows how strongly she feels on her values to stay loyal to the gods even if it means risking her own life.

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Ode two reflects the themes of fate and divine retribution by using a metaphor to describe how the family curse follows them. He says, “Where once the anger of heaven has struck, that house is shaken/Forever, damnation rises behind each child/Like a wave cresting out of the black northeast” (Sophocles 2-4). The family curse, instead of going away, is following them the more they try to get rid of it. The chorus tries to warn us about the events unfolding by using old ancient writings saying, “Fate works most for woe/ With folly’s fairest show” (Sophocles 26-27) which means that sadness is common while happiness is rare and beautiful. This could be a warning of how even though Creon is happy with all the power and authority he has now, everything could turn upside down because the curse is going to fall upon him eventually.

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This ode foreshadows the potential that the consequences of Creon's actions might be a curse. The ode begins with the chorus emphasizing, "Fortunate is the man who has never tasted God's vengenace" (Sophocles 1). This quote sets the tone that you would be considered lucky to not have upset the gods and hints towards Creon potentially upsetting them.. The chorus then beings to ask, "What mortal arrogance/Transcends the wrath of Zeus?" (Sophocles 13-14) insinuating that Creon's excessive pride and ruling does not surpass the power of the god's anger.

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Creon finds Antigone's defiance deeply shocking and is in disbelief. He demonstrates this doubt when he says, "But this is Antigone! Why have you brought her here?" (Sophocles 18). After he recovers from his shock, he becomes angry with her boldness to defy him. Creon sees himself above the gods and does not understand why she would bury her brother's body. He is offended to think she would question his authority, much less defy him and his laws. Creon decides to put Antigone to death because he does not wish to appear weak. His wish to execute Antigone demonstrates that he is ruthless and cruel, as is his leadership.

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Ode two reflects the themes of fate and divine retribution introduced earlier in the play. Divine retribution is the idea that a higher power, like a god, punishes people for wrong actions. Ode two shows this by saying, “Fortunate is the man who has never tasted God’s vengeance!” (Sophocles 1). This is showing that the gods have the power to punish people if they don’t agree with what they did. The chorus says, “fate works most for woe / with folly’s fairest show”(Sophocles 26-27). The chorus is providing information about the events unfolding in Thebes by saying fate most effects people who let sadness get to them, and most rarely for people who let joy get to them. This shows that something may happen in the future that displays fate on someone sad.

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During Antigone’s confrontation with Creon, Ismene wants to be killed alongside of the sister. Ismene says, “To join you, to take my share of punishment” (Sophocles 134). Ismene believes that because she did not say anything about Antigone’s plans, she is of equal guilt. She asks Antigone, “What do I care for life when you are dead?” (Sophocles 140). Ismene’s guilt and questioning of how her life will be after Antigone’s death describes her character as obeying the laws that are given to her and feeling as though she could have prevented this event. She believes that her punishment should come from the fact that she did not stop Antigone; therefore, being as much part of the crime as Antigone is part of it.

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In Ode Two, the chorus foreshadows Creon’s potential consequences when saying, “What moral arrogance Transcends the wrath of Zeus” (13-14). Creon thinks that he is above Zeus even though the gods have power overall mortals. This is foreshadowing that Creon will be cursed by the God’s as a consequence for being hubris.

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Creon’s reaction to Antigone’s boldness shows that he is paranoid, stubborn, and ruthless. He is paranoid as he orders Antigone and Ismene to both be sentenced to death. His stubbornness is shown as he says, “The inflexible heart breaks first, the toughest iron / Cracks first, and the wildest horses bend their necks / At the pull of the smallest curb” (Sophocles 77-79). Creon scolds Antigone for her persistence when he himself is also stubborn, conveying an ironic feeling. His ruthlessness is displayed throughout the scene as he comments rude remarks about Antigone and her sister and has harsh demands for the guards and the Sentry. All of these qualities that Creon possesses show that he is pretentious: his paranoia shows that he is fearful of being directed, he believes that he deserves more honor through his stubbornness, and his ruthlessness displays how much he wants to be seen as the most powerful.

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Ode Two reflects the themes of fate and divine retribution because early in the play we find out about the curse. We now know that the whole family will be cursed for all generations. The Chorus says, "Where once the anger of heaven has struck, that house is shaken/ Forever: damnation rises behind each child" (2-3). If something bad happens in the family, the whole family is going to have to suffer forever from the gods. The Chorus provides us with warnings about events unfolding in Thebes. The Chorus announces, "But the ancient wisdom speaks for own time:/Fate works most for woe/With Folly's fairest show"(25-27). The events in Thebes might turn to happiness and joy, but sadness will come after. Life will always be sad. This could foreshadow that someone's fate is bound to be sad even if they have power or are happy now.

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When Creon first hears the news that Antigone is the one that buried Polyneices, he is in disbelief that his own family would betray his laws. He describes Antigone as a “Snake in my ordered house, sucking my blood / Stealthily- and all the time I never knew” (Sophocles 125-126).  He compares Antigone to a snake because she, his own family, went behind his back and defied his laws and authority. Creon demonstrates his ruthless character by immediately sentencing Antigone and Ismene to death: “Or closer yet in blood- she and her sister / Win bitter death for this!” (Sophocles 85-86). Creon decides he must punish Antigone for her crime, because he feels his power is threatened by her defiance. His refusal to understand Antigone’s intentions when burying Polyneices reveals his harsh style of leadership and ruthless character.

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Ode two reflects the themes of fate and divine retribution by bringing up Oedipus and how his curse has been brought upon his posterity. This is a result of him trying to change his fate and his punishment for incest. The Chorus states, "I have seen this gathering sorrow from time long past Loom upon Oedipus's children: generation from generation( Sophocles 7-8)."  This is a warning because Oedipus's curse is going to fall upon his children. The chorus gives us insight that something terrible is going to happen to them because they are cursed.

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In scene two Creon is shocked to discover that Antigone was trying to bury her brother. Creon’s egotistic behavior causes him to punish Antigone. Creon announces brutally, “This girl is guilty of a double insolence, / breaking the given laws and boasting of it. / Who is the man here, / She or I, if this crime goes unpunished?” (Sophocles 80-84). Although Creon and Antigone are blood, Creon does not want to appear weak. He wants to be a “man” and punish her to death. Scene two also shows Creon as a brutal leader.  Brutality is shown when Creon says, “Arrest Ismene, I accuse her equally. / Bring her: you will find her sniffling in the house there. / Her minds a traitor: crimes kept in the dark” (Sophocles 86-89). Creon want to show his power to everyone by also condemning Ismene to death. Creon believes Ismene should be punished because she knew that the crime was going to be done. These actions reveal the true leadership styles and characteristics of Creon.

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In scene two, Creon's reaction to Antigone's defiance is anger. As King, he feels entitled and superior to everyone else, so when Antigone stood up for herself, he was furious and began to feel paranoid: "That these two sisters were aiming at my throne!" (Sophocles 127). He blames Ismene for being a part of the plan, even if there was no evidence.

His harsh reaction reveals that his leadership and character is impulsive and irrational, leading people to be fearful of him.

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In Ode Two reflects the themes fate and divine retribution introduced earlier in the play because the Chorus reflects on the family’s curse. The Chorus describes how Oedipus caused the curse, “Where once the anger of heaven has struck, that house is shaken/ Forever" damnation rises behind each child" (2-3), stating that the children will be affected by the curse. I think the chorus foreshadows how the later events will unfold because they describe how the children will be affected, meaning that later in the play all of the family members will have something bad happen to them because of their fathers curse in Thebes.