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How to take Professional Photos of Products?

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To take quality photos of products one needs to know about how to take professional photos of products and here goes the solution

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Initial set up in a tight space, one key light flash bounced off the white ceiling , white reflective board to the left.

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Space very tight used an umbrella modifier, plenty of white walls  and objects to reflect light.

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Evidence of Learning

The recent EQA feedback highlighted the importance of showcasing your learning journey in photography, not just the final results. This means including evidence of the processes you went through, the shots you took that may not have worked perfectly, and your reflections on those choices.

Here's how to adapt your assignment to incorporate this feedback:

1. Process Shots:

Capture the Journey: Take photographs throughout your project, not just the final images. This could include:

Setting up your camera and lighting.

Trying different compositions and angles.

Capturing behind-the-scenes moments during your shoot.

2. Annotations:

Reflect on Your Work: Annotate your photographs, either digitally or with handwritten notes on a separate sheet. This can include:

Technical details: Aperture, shutter speed, ISO used for each shot.

Creative choices: Why you chose a particular composition or lighting.

Successes: What worked well in a particular shot.

Areas for improvement: What you might do differently next time.

3. Padlet for Self-Review:

Create a dedicated space: Use a platform like Padlet to create a separate space for your project. This will be your personal learning portfolio, separate from your tutor's work. You can include:

Process shots: Upload the images you captured during your project.

Annotated final images: Upload your final photographs with your handwritten notes or digital annotations.

Reflective text: Write a short text summarizing your learning experience, the challenges you faced, and your overall takeaways from the project.

Remember:

Focus on Learning: The goal is to demonstrate your understanding of the photographic process, not just showcase perfect final images.

Embrace Experimentation: Don't be afraid to include shots that didn't quite work out as planned. These can be valuable learning tools.

Be Honest in Your Reflections: Acknowledge what worked well and what you could improve on. This shows critical thinking and a willingness to learn.

By incorporating these steps, you'll create a richer learning portfolio that reflects your photographic journey and provides valuable evidence for your NCFE Level 1 assessment.

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Welcome back to Instagram. Sign in to check out what your friends, family & interests have been capturing & sharing around the world.

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Using the same bounced lighting setup I wanted to emphasise a clean shiny bathroom being used by the family (props) and the product is central to this. The camera was set up on a tripod and the image was taken from slightly above and along the wash basin. I used an f11 aperture because the corner was slightly darker but still getting a sharp image.

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2nd Location was shot in the bathroom, with extensive use of props to indicate a family home the product is still important in the scene. Used a single key light source a studio flash with a seven-inch dish "Bounced off the ceiling" The bathroom is small with large reflective surfaces so I used the ceiling as a light modifier to give an overall clean image. The camera is on a tripod facing in a downward angle.

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The first location shoot in the kitchen uses a yellow and red checkerboard background with props to break up the background and sink taps to look like a clean, busy working environment. The key light source is an umbrella flash modifier set to the left of the image with the addition of a whiteboard to the left to soften and give a graded appearance to the image also the product is emphasised. It is shot with the camera on a tripod and a level shot in close up. The addition of negative space gives room for logos.

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On a white background with a softbox-modified light source from above using studio flash, the outline of the container is defined using a slightly upwards-angled shooting position from a tripod to define both the top and bottom of the container. The shadows provided a graded view of the image.. and are to be used for future work. It helps with a good outline in future work ie for object selection.

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Using a single light source I wanted a close-up shot of the product in action for Instagram there is some negative space for an additional logo at the bottom right. The yellow background and the clean look of the bottle with the addition of yellow gloves give the feeling of a powerful cleaner.

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Tutor material

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Commercial Photography in Exeter | Spencer Cobby

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Spencer Cobby is an Exeter based photographer with a passion for creativity, attention to detail and storytelling through imagery.

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My prices start from £250

Half Day £450

Full Day £800
See below for Property Photography Prices Please contact me with your project details so that together so that we can discuss the amount of photography time needed, together with your budget and other special requirements.
All prices include high quality post production, high and low resolution images sent electronically and travel cost within Kent. Outside of Kent is charged at 25p/mile.

WHAT COMMERCIAL WORK DO YOU COVER?

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Commercial Photography Prices in Sittingbourne

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Find pricing information for commercial photography services in Sittingbourne tailored to meet your business needs. Elevate your brand with stunning visual content.

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Everything to be uploaded, annotated with feedback sheets completed for Unit 1, Unit 2 and your optional unit by 21/03/25

Thanks

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Flash Photography Tutorial : How to use Color Correction Gels with Strobes

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Welcome back to Instagram. Sign in to check out what your friends, family & interests have been capturing & sharing around the world.

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Who is the most influential photographer of all time? Which photographers have had the biggest impact on the world around them? There's probably no absolute answer to these questions seeing as everyone will have their own views and opinions.

Well after hours of debating this subject long and hard, the team here at Picture Frames Express have produced this list of photographers we consider to be the most influential of all time. Of course our list is by no means definitive. There's sure to be a few incredible photographers we've missed out, and perhaps a few you think shouldn't have made the top 49. But that's the beauty of photography, everyone interprets and appreciates it in their own way, enjoy.

1 - Ansel Adams

Ansel Adams was an American photographer who specialised in the black and white photography of rural landscapes. He was an environmental activist and one of the the pioneers of modern nature photography.

2 - Richard Avedon

A master of portrait and fashion photography Richard Avedon was renowned for his ability to capture raw emotion, evoking life into his subjects while retaining formality. Creating often controversial and provocative images Avedon's work helped redefine photography as an expressive art form.

3 - Eve Arnold

Eve Arnold was a pioneer of photojournalism. She specialised in capturing natural shots of famous celebrities and is responsible for some of the most memorable photographs of Marilyn Monroe.

4 - Diane Arbus

Diane Arbus work often focussed on the unique characters amongst our society. Her images often had a disturbing element to them and have had a lasting legacy on urban street culture

5 - David Bailey

David Bailey is an English photographer who gained a reputation for his fashion photography in the 'Swinging Sixties". Some of his well known subjects include The Beatles, The Rolling Stones and the Kray Twins.

6 - Irving Penn

Many of the most iconic fashion photographs ever taken can be credited to Irving Penn. Working with clients such as Vogue and Clinique, his work has been published globally. Considered to be a technical master, Penn would utilise a variety of camera, printing processes and methods to capture his imagery.

7 - Henri Cartier- Bresson

Henri Cartier is known for creating the timeless "The decisive moment" one of the most influential photography books ever published.

8 - W. Eugene Smith

With a belief that 90% of the image/work is done in the darkroom W. Eugene Smith is recognised as a pioneer for the use of photo essays "I am always torn between the attitude of a journalist, who is a recorder of facts , and the artist who is often necessarily at odds with the facts..." He often put his life on the line, on the front line capturing conflicts and war. He wanted to bring to life and document social issues.

9 - Helmut Newton

Helmut Newton was a fashion photographer and his work published in mainstream publications such as Vogue and Playboy.

10 - Walker Evans

Walker's unique ability to visualise a moment as though it were already in the past, capturing the raw emotions of his subjects and turning it into a poetic portrayal of the world around him allowed him to become one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.

By Edwin Locke, for the Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information / Office of Emergency Management / Resettlement Administration [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

11 - Guy Bourdin

French fashion photographer Guy Bourdin best known for his work in Vogue magazine in the 50's. He images are known for their hyper real colours and creative use of light and shadow.

12 - Cindy Sherman

As well as being an accomplished photographer, Cindy Sherman is also a recognised film director. Normally using herself as the subject, Sherman uses her photography to highlight various issues.

13 - Nick Knight

Challenging traditional thoughts of beauty, Nick Knight pushes technical and creative boundaries to make him one of the most sought after fashion and documentary photographers of today. A leader in innovation Nick launched SHOWstudio one of the first websites to use digital film as a medium for showing fashion.

14 - Robert Capa

Famous for photographing some of the most brutal battles, Robert Capa was a war photographer and photojournalist, most notably covering the Spanish Civil War and World War II across Europe.His captures of the 1944 Normandy invasion are just some of his action photographs which uniquely portray the acts of violence in war in historic images of blur and dust.

15 - Andreas Gursky

Andreas Gursky is a German photographer known for his large format images. He goes to great lengths to get his shots, even being know to have climbed cranes and ride in helicopters.

16 - Edward Weston

Edward Weston is widely considered to be one of the most innovative photographers of our time. He composed several thousand perfectly printed photographs which have had a lasting influence on generations of photographers since.

17 - Steve McCurry

An internationally known documentary photographer McCurry is most famously known for his work after being smuggled over the border into rebel controlled Pakistan. He returned with reels of film hidden in his clothes containing the first images published internationally depicting the conflict there.

By Arupkamal (SteveMcCurry at KL MY by Ahmed Arup Kamal.jpg) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

18 - Elliott Erwitt

An expert at capturing fascinating shots of everyday life, Erwit was known for making the 'normal' seem 'interesting'.

19 - Martin Parr

A photojournalist and documentary photographer Martin Parr known and recognised in his indirect and innovative approach to social documentary. Seen as a 'chronicler of our age' he combines garish colours and unusual perspectives to produce his own form of propaganda.

20 - Robert Adams

Having photographed the landscape of America for more than 40 years Adams use of photography reflects the persevering beauty of nature against urban growth and his own love of natural landscapes.

21 - Juergen Teller

Working in the fashion and music fields, Juergen Teller is a fine art photographer who pushes the belief that the commercial fashion pictures go side by side with his autobiographical un-commissioned pieces.

22 - Man Ray

Spanning both the Dada and Surrealism movements Man Ray was a part of the artistic avant garde. His photographic experiments included his pursuit to make 'camera-less' pictures which he called rayographs.

23 - Annie Leibovitz

Annie Leibovitz is one of the great American photographers of our time. Whilst working at Rolling Stone she took some of the most well known photographs of our generation. Renowned for her the bold colours and unorthodox poses in her photographs, her influence on the world of photography has been significant.

24 - André Kertész

Born in Hungary in 1894, André Kertész was a photographer renowned for his contribution to photographic composition and the photo essay. By the end of his career he was in internationally known photographer exhibiting his work in shows all around the world.

25 - Horst P

Horst P was a leading 20th century fashion photographer known for his work with publications such as Vogue. Know for his avant-garde methods, he produced some of the most iconic fashion photos ever created.

26 - David LaChapelle

David LaChapelle is an American commercial photographer who has photographed some of the biggest celebrities in recent decades. He amassed a large following through his work at Interview magazine alongside renowned artists Andy Warhol.

By Gampe (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

27 - Steven Meisel

Steven Miesel is one of the greatest fashion photographers in the industry. Having produced the covers of Vogue Italia since 2008 and every Prada campaign since 2004. Drawn to the fashion industry, models and beauty at a young age his work and ability to reflect culture are thought to both define and depict fashion.

28 - William Eggleston

A pioneer of colour photography, Egglestone had a skill of finding and capturing the beauty of mundane everyday things such as food cupboards, bathrooms; focusing in his words upon the 'ugly stuff' that others would overlook/think nothing of.

29 - Ralph Gibson

an American art photographer Ralph Gibson is best known for his ability to turn the understated abstract into the dramatic. His photographs depict energy and often erotic and intimate images.

30 - Mary Ellen Mark

An American photographer known for her photojournalism Mary Ellens Marks has achieved worldwide visibility and many awards for her images depicting humanism including many social issues.

31 - Peter Lindbergh

Photographer and Film-maker Pete Lindbergh channels his influence of cinema into his photography. Not bound by the fashion or photography worlds characteristics his work has often been described as 'love letters to women' due to his work depictions of the contemporary woman reflecting freedom and independence.

32 - Stephen Shore

A recognised pioneer of colour photography Stephen is known for his captures of everyday scenes and objects in the United States. In 1971 he was the first living photographer to hold a one person exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

33 - Robert Mapplethorpe

Known for his provocative and of controversial images, Robert Mapplethorpe pushed the boundaries of what was considered photographic art in the 70s and 80s. "I don't like that particular word 'shocking.' I'm looking for the unexpected. I'm looking for things I've never seen before...'

34 - Garry Winogrand

Street photographer Garry Winogrand was famed for his unorthodox methods. Renowned for shooting a lot of photographs, it's thought that he took well over a million in total.

35 - Don McCullin

Photojournalist Don McCullin British known for capturing defining images in war zones such as Vietnam and Northern Ireland.

36 - Edward Steichen

Edward Steichen's photography career spanned for well over half a century. He served as a photographer in both World Wars and his experiences helped shape his ever evolving creativity.

F. Holland Day [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

37 - Paolo Roversi

With a skill to express elegance in intimate and striking portraits Italian-born Paulo has become one of the most revered photographers in fashion today working with the likes of Vogue and Dior.

38 - William Klein

Known for his unique approach to photographic techniques William Klein is a fashion photographer who employs odd angles and unique shading to achieve a unique look and feel to his images. His most notable works are a series of images showing New York as a dark place which he made into a book after no one would publish them.

39 - Arnold Newman

Known as the "Father of Environmental Portraiture" the legacy of American photographer Arnold Newman is significant. He is well known for some of the photographs he took of influential political figures.

40 - Saul Leiter

For Saul Leiter the camera allowed him to present an alternative way of seeing the world and interpreting reality; capturing in abstract forms and unique composition, something which set him apart from standard street photographers.

41 - Yousuf Karsh

Described as "one of the greatest portrait photographer of the 20th century" by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Youseff Karsh was a portrait photographer with an ability to bring a compassionate human view to his photos, allowing him to photograph some of the most celebrated personalities of his time.

42 - Doc Edgerton

Doc Edgerton's is better known for his work as a professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of of Electrical Engineering, but he was also an accomplished photographer capturing breathtaking photographs of fast-moving moments such as milk drops and golf swings.

43 - Nicéphore Niépce

Nicéphore Niépce, born 1765 was a French inventor and credited as the first person to capture a permanent photograph. . Using light-sensitive chemicals and a piece of metal he managed to capture the very first photograph in 1827.

44 - Steve Carty

Canon Canada's first Brand Ambassador, Carty is a fashion and portrait photographer with an ability to produce iconic pictures reflecting attitude and an understated contemporary feel.

45 - Alfred Stieglitz

Alfred Stieglitz was an American photographer who lived from 1864 to 1946. As well as being one of the great photographers of his time, he is also credited with championing photography as a respectable expression of art at the beginning of the 20th century. Where as most photographers are known for their pictures, his lasting legacy is the impact his passion for photography had on the art world.

46 - Edward Curtis

Edward Curtis was known for his sepia-toned photographs capturing the lives and traditions Native Americans. At the time of his death his work was largely unknown, however interest in it emerged in the 70's after his work was presented at several exhibitions.

47 - Dorothea Lange

A documentary photographer who spent much of her time photographing migrant workers;the images of the 'proud and destitute' she later became known for, Dorothea's most famous and iconic capture 'Migrant Mother' is seen by many as the image of hardship, pain but also resilience felt by Americans during the Great Depression & is now hanging in the Library of Congress .

Moondigger at en.wikipedia [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

48 - Julius Shulman

Regarded as one of the most important architectural photographers in history Shulman is best known for his photograph of the Stahl House transformed commercial architectural photography to a fine art form.

49 - Bruce Gilden

Bruce Gilden is an influential street photographer known for his unique style of getting up-close images of strangers in amongst the crowds of New York. Some of Gilden's most well know work are his photographs documenting the the aftermath of the devastating earthquake in Haiti.

Do you agree with our top 49 photographers? Feel free to comment below on any amendments you would personally make to the list. Why not share our list with your friends and see what they think?

Back to List

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49 Most Influential Photographers in History | Frames Express Blog

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Who is the most influential photographer of all time? Which photographers have had the biggest impact on the world around them? There's probably no absolute answer to these questions seeing as everyone will have their own views and opinions.

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Huge variety of work well versed in today's social media environment. Excellent source of information regarding the setup of photo shoots and also the business side of commercial Photography.

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History of Product Photography - Overview of the Evolution

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The history of product photography goes beyond cameras & lens to share how capturing the essence of a product has evolved.

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Converted in Photoshop from colour image to B&W

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Create a Commercial Photography Online Portfolio Website.com

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Interested in breaking into commercial photography but unsure how to start? We’ve got you covered with our guide to creating a commercial photograph portfolio.

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Clamshell Setup with Two Lights

While there is a pleasant simplicity to using a reflector for the lower portion of a clamshell lighting setup, there is no reason you can’t use a second light instead. In the diagram in Figure 6, I’ve replaced the reflector with a second strobe and strip box placed in front of, and below the field of view.

Figure 6. Placement of a second light as the lower portion of the clamshell setup instead of a reflector.

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If you shoot headshots and/or portraits, clamshell lighting is something you should definitely become familiar with. This versatile and easy-to-create lighting setup produces a very flattering look useful for a variety of portrait situations.

Clamshell lighting gets its name from the way the light sources are placed, with one light above and in front of the subject with a second light or reflector in front of and below the subject. The resulting shape of the setup resembles an open clam but with a gap between the two shell halves.

Table of Contents

What is Clamshell Lighting Used For?

Clamshell lighting can create a very flattering look by reducing the strength of shadows visible on the subject's face. Here are some of the reasons that you might want to use clamshell lighting:

1. Flattering Skin: Reduction of shadows to create a more pleasing skin texture by reducing the strength of lines and wrinkles on the face.

2. Simple Setup: The most basic setup requires only one light and a reflector, making it quick and easy to set up in a short time.

3. Portability: With modest equipment requirements, a clamshell lighting setup can be very portable.

4. Avoids Glare/Reflections in Glasses: A clamshell lighting setup often produces little to no glare or reflections in eyeglasses (most of the time) and is easy to adjust if you do get reflections and/or glare by adjusting the height.

Basic Clamshell Setup

Clamshell lighting can be created using just one light and a reflector, making the setup simple and often portable as well. In Figure 1 I have a main light, in this case a beauty dish, directly in front of and above the subject. It is important to not have the main light too high above the subject, as it can make the eyes dark.

To achieve this light placement, I recommend using a boom or extension arm to place the light above and in line between the camera and the subject.
Note: The virtual setup did not offer a boom arm option that I could find, but there is an example that can be seen in Figure 3.
In addition to the main light, there is a reflector just out of view below the subject's chest. It is angled slightly down as it gets closer to the subject to provide the best angle for "bouncing" the light from the main light into the face. This is what helps fill in shadows created by the main light. How close you have the reflector and the type of material (white, silver, etc) will affect how much of this fill you will get.

You can also see a second light in Figure 1 behind the subject. This light is being used to illuminate the white background in order to have a clean, white background. This background light is not in itself a part of clamshell lighting but if you do need to light your background for your shots, it means you still only need two lights in total to create clamshell lighting.

In Figure 2, we have a photo taken with the setup depicted in Figure 1. This image demonstrates how this simple setup creates a pleasing image. Joe isn't a model, and this image was shot on location at the corporate offices where he works. However, I didn't have to do anything here but adjust the image for color and contrast a little in Camera Raw before I made the final jpeg.

Clamshell lighting gives a nice look to his skin without the need to smooth it. This shot also demonstrates how this setup created zero glare/reflection in his glasses. While it doesn't always eliminate glare and reflections, it is usually pretty easy to adjust the lights and/or angle of the subject's head to greatly reduce them. Less time needing to retouch and edit is always a good thing.

Main Light Modifiers

Joe, in Figure 2, was shot with a 22" folding beauty dish with a sock diffuser. This worked fine as the main light for my setup for a while, but eventually I started using a 12×36" strip box for my main light when using clamshell lighting for headshots and here's why.

Since I often shoot headshots on location at businesses, I occasionally ran into problems getting the main light high enough when shooting. Some spaces with lower ceilings could be an issue when photographing taller subjects, which I ran into more often than I would have expected.

Using a strip box set horizontally helped provide extra clearance for locations with low ceilings. It also turned out that I also preferred the quality of light that I was getting from my strip box. I went from needing to use it for some situations to it becoming a permanent part of my headshot clamshell lighting setup.

You can see the clamshell setup in Figure 3 that was my go-to for several years. You can see that the lighting gear needed is pretty compact, even when bringing a second light along for background lighting.

That said, you can use any shape modifier for your main light source that fits your needs. I would still recommend using a medium-sized modifier as larger ones can flatten the overall lighting too much by "wrapping around" the subject too far, but that's entirely up to you and your desired results.

In Figures 1, 2, and 3 I'm using a light on the background. In the lead image to this article and in Figure 4 you can see how this setup works with just the main light and no background light. You can get the background a little lighter or darker by having the subject closer or farther from the background.

Reflector Options

Looking closely at the eyes in Figure 4 the catch lights show that I'm using my strip box here as a main light with its telltale shape reflection in the eye. You can also see more catchlights in the lower portion of the eye in Figure 4 than in Figure 2. This is because instead of using a flat reflector, the one I'm using has angled "wings" that provide a bit of extra side-lighting (visible in Figure 3) which further reduces shadows on the face and also makes the eyes nice and bright.

If you look at Figures 2 and 4, you can see how the neck and sides of the face are more evenly lit in Figure 4 thanks to the extra light being bounced from the "wings" of the reflector seen in Figure 3.

A similar look can be achieved using products like Westcott's Eyelighter shown in Figure 5. The Eyelighter, and similar reflectors, are curved reflectors, designed for use in portraits and headshots as part of a clamshell lighting setup. These may also offer silver, white, or gold surfaces as options.

Clamshell Setup with Two Lights

While there is a pleasant simplicity to using a reflector for the lower portion of a clamshell lighting setup, there is no reason you can't use a second light instead. In the diagram in Figure 6, I've replaced the reflector with a second strobe and strip box placed in front of, and below the field of view.

White this requires some extra kit in the form of the additional light, strip box, and light stand, it adds more control over how much light the model is receiving from the lower portion of the "clamshell". In most cases, I'm happy with the results I get out of the one light plus reflector setup. However, for fashion, advertising, and other situations that may require precise control over the brightness of each light source, using a light instead of a reflector might be best.

The lower light, like the main, can be whatever best fits your needs, so it doesn't necessarily need to be a strip box as shown in Figure 6. I feel it's the most practical, though, as the space in front of the subject can quickly get crowded.

One thing I prefer about using a reflector is the option to have a curved or multi-panel surface that can wrap the light from below in a flattering way. Almost all softboxes are going to be flat which can't produce the wrapping effect I like. I say "almost" because there is one option I'm aware of that can do this.

The Outlier

The Glow EZ Lock ARC Curved Strip Softbox is, as the name suggests, a strip-type softbox that is curved. As far as I know, this is the only strip box that is shaped in this way. As shown in Figure 7, the shape of the ARC lends itself very well to use as the lower portion of a clamshell setup.

I have actually owned one of these and used it for headshots and portraits for a time. While it did do the job, I preferred the simpler one-light, one-reflector setup. For those looking for the combination of shape and light control this offers in a clamshell setup, it might be worth looking into if it is available to fit lighting gear.
Note: I believe the ARC Curved Strip Softbox is only available in Bowens mount. It may be possible to change the speed ring to mount on other light systems.
Conclusion

While clamshell lighting is somewhat specific to portraits and headshots, it's a very handy option to have in your lighting recipes. Since it can be done with only one light and a reflector, the cost in equipment is relatively low.

As the physical components are relatively small, the overall kit can be very portable, which is great for both studio and location situations. Also, the flattering nature of clamshell lighting can produce results that require less post-processing, which saves time in delivering images to clients. Figure 8 is one of those images that only required the removal of some stray hairs, but otherwise no other edits were needed.

In my own use, I've employed clamshell lighting for the 1,900 plus headshots I've done over the past decade. During that time, I've updated and refined the setup to fit my needs to the point where it reliably gives me the results I'm looking for, and the images require very little post. If you want repeatable and flattering results, clamshell lighting is definitely worth trying out.

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What is Clamshell Lighting and How to Use It for Portrait Photos

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An introduction to clamshell lighting for beginning photographers. Use this lighting setup to create professional and flattering portraits.

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A levels studies course web download.

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Weekly Photography Challenge - Abstract Photography

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Earlier I shared some inspiring abstract photos to help get you motivated and give you some ideas for this week's photography challenge: Abstract Photography Definition of abstract in relation to art 1ab·stract adjective ab-?strakt, ?ab-? expressing ideas and emotions by using elements such as colors and lines without attempting to create a realistic picture A trend in painting and sculpture in the twentieth century.

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Forced Perspective Photography Tutorial | Beginner

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The Zone System was developed during a time when black and white sheet film was the standard in commercial and amateur photography. Ansel Adams and Fred Archer developed the Zone System while teaching at the Art Center School in Los Angeles in 1939 and 1940. The Zone System is based on the 19th-century sensitometry studies of Hurter and Driffield, photographic scientists who brought measurable scientific practice to photography.

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The Zone System was developed during a time when black and white sheet film was the standard in commercial and amateur photography. Ansel Adams and Fred Archer developed the Zone System while teaching at the Art Center School in Los Angeles in 1939 and 1940. The Zone System is based on the 19th-century sensitometry studies of Hurter and Driffield, photographic scientists who brought measurable scientific practice to photography.

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The Zone System was developed during a time when black and white sheet film was the standard in commercial and amateur photography. Ansel Adams and Fred Archer developed the Zone System while teaching at the Art Center School in Los Angeles in 1939 and 1940. The Zone System is based on the 19th-century sensitometry studies of Hurter and Driffield, photographic scientists who brought measurable scientific practice to photography.

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The coffee market in the United Kingdom is distinctly different from other European countries. Coffee drinkers in the UK are avid consumers of instant coffee. The top instant coffee brands reach far more consumers than their fresh ground counterparts. Instant coffee is a historical leftover from World War II, introduced by U.S. military personnel. The product took hold in what was largely a tea drinking market.

Industry landscape

The coffee and tea processing industry in the UK generated a revenue of nearly 2.4 billion British pounds. The industry adds a gross value of 691 million British pounds to the UK GDP. The number of coffee processing enterprises has generally been growing since 2012, with 122 active enterprises in 2021. As of 2022, it decreased slightly to a number of 110.

UK companies sold about 31 thousand tons of roasted coffee in 2022. The sales value of roasted coffee manufactured in the UK amounted to roughly 289 million British pounds. UK imports of coffee were valued at over one billion British pounds in 2023, with almost two-thirds coming from non-EU countries and the rest coming from EU countries. The two leading partners for UK coffee imports were Brazil and Switzerland.

Consumer landscape

In total, consumers spent roughly 3.2 billion British pounds on coffee, tea, and cocoa in the UK in 2023. Weekly spending on coffee beans, either instant or ground by consumers amounted to 49 pence per person. This translated to roughly 23 weekly grams of coffee beans purchased per person. The consumer price index (CPI) of coffee was 134.1 in 2024. Since 2014, the CPI of coffee has increased by over 31 percent. Even still, coffee remains a popular drink among UK consumers.

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Find the most up-to-date statistics about the coffee market in the United Kingdom (UK)

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B&W miniature Ansel Adams. Domestic scene perfectly expressed. The brilliant white of the eggs reflected in the the grater with the egg slicer poised to deliver the final blow. The two bottles positioned one empty and one of a liqueur adding to the back ground.

Note the zone system developing graduating from black to the white of the eggs and shadows probably single light source.