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Part 1:

1. Title: Children's Engineering Workshops

2. Source: Practice Cam 16 Listening Test 01 | IELTS Training Online

3. Length: 6'11s

4. Content: A father found out some information about the workshops in the school holidays for his daughters. It includes different types of activities workshops that suitable for various age groups.

5. Note:

The father has 2 daughters:

- The younger daughter is Lydia. She's 4

- The older daughter is Carly. She's 7

Groups of workshops:

- Tiny Engineers Workshop T( for 4 to 5 year-olds): It includes all sorts of activities: create the cover with an egg, build the highest tower or design and build the car

- Junior Engineers Workshop ( for 6 to 8 year-olds): Similiar with the tiny engineering workshops, but are a bit more advanced. It includes: build model vehicles, create animals with the same sorts of material and technique, build the bridge, create the movie, or build the robot

Price: 50 pounds

Time: from 10 to 11 in every Wednesday morning

Place: building 10A-Fradstone Industrial Estate.

Part 2:

1. Title: Plan Of Stevenson's Site

2. Length: 6'57s

3. Content: A conversation between the managing director and the founder's Stevenson's. They discussed aspects related to Stevenson's Company such as: company history, company developments, work experiences, and site orientation.

4. Note:

Introduction:

- The managing director: Julia Simmons

- The founder's Stevenson's: Ronald Stevenson

Company history:

- Ronald Stevenson left school in 1923 and he set up this company in 1926 when he finished his apprenticeship.

Company developments:

- Initially focused on manufacturing for the healthcare industry before shifting to automotive components.

- Plan a major refurbishment of the site in the next five years due to the current layout not being ideal for modern production methods.

Work experiences:

- Take part in a presentation from managers most mornings, starting with research and development

- Spend time in each department, observing and talking to staff.

Site orientation:

- Reception Area: Main entrance. A corridor to the left leads to the coffee room.

- Coffee Room: At the end of the corridor; overlooks the main road and trees.

- Factory: Large room on the far side of the site.

- Warehouse: Be accessed by lorries; reach it by crossing the courtyard and entering through a door on the right.

Staff Canteen: Next to reception; good food but poor view.

- Meeting Room: At the end of the corridor to the left of the courtyard; no natural daylight.

- Human Resources Department: In the front part of the building, second room on the left from reception, with a view of the main road.

- Boardroom: Has a pleasant view of trees; located past the courtyard, on the left side next to the factory.

Part 3:

1. Title: Art Project

2. Length: 6'42s

3. Content: A conversation between Jess and Tom about their art projects focused on birds. Tom initially found the project uninteresting but is now engaged and revising his proposal. Jess was initially discouraged by the research materials but has become more interested. Both found a recent Bird Park visit disappointing compared to a more informative trip to the Natural History Museum.

4. Note:

Experiences:

- Bird Park Visit: Both found it disappointing due to bad weather and few birds, preferring the Natural History Museum visit instead.

- Natural History Museum: Liked the evolution exhibits and workshops with Dr. Fletcher.

Project Requirements:

- Proposal: Tom needs to amend his to include evaluations, not just descriptions. Jess is also adjusting hers to be less precise to allow for more exploration.

- Timeline and Mind Map: Both have completed these but found explaining their rationale challenging.

- Video Diary Presentation: Tom has completed this.

Tom's Art Choices:

- Landseer’s Falcon Painting: Tom finds the painting intriguing due to the falcon’s intense gaze and considers discussing the danger suggested by the bird’s look.

- Portrait of a Little Boy: Chose a portrait of Giovanni de Medici holding a bird carefully, admiring the tenderness depicted.

Jess's Art Choices:

- Audubon’s Fish Hawk: Jess is interested in the impression of rapid motion.

- Van Gosh’s Kingfisher: Chose because of a personal memory associated with seeing a real kingfisher.

- Gauguin’s Vairumati: Focuses on the symbolism of the bird and its reference to the cycle of existence.

Part 4:

1. Title: Stoicism

2. Length: 8'25s

3. Content: The passage mentioned about the practical application and enduring relevance of Stoicism, an ancient philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC.

4. Note:

- Stoicism was founded by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. Major figures include Epictetus, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius, though their works were not originally intended for publication.

- Stoicism teaches that happiness comes from living virtuously and that we can control our reactions to external events, even though we cannot control the events themselves.

- George Washington was introduced to Stoicism at a young age and used it to inspire his troops. Thomas Jefferson kept a copy of Seneca's works by his bed.

Artists and writers have also been inspired by the stoics. Economist Adam Smith’s ideas on capitalism were influenced by Stoic philosophy.

- Albert Ellis, the creator of CBT, was influenced by Stoicism. CBT focuses on changing irrational thoughts and behaviors to improve mental health, a concept rooted in Stoic teachings.

- In business, Stoic principles are used to build resilience and turn obstacles into opportunities, crucial for entrepreneurs facing setbacks.

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Part 1:

1. Title: Copying photos to digital format

2. Source: Practice Cam 16 Listening Test 02 | IELTS Training Online

3. Length: 5'58s

4. Content: A conversation between an employee of a photo digitizing service and a woman who wants to convert old family photos (some 50-60 years old) to digital format.

Note:

Requirements:

- The service handles photos up to 30 cm and at least 4 cm in size.

- Photos must be removed from frames and albums, and they need to be separate.

Cost:

- £195 for 300 to 400 photos (includes one disk). With additional disks available for £5 each.

- Payment is required after the photos are copied

Additional service:

- Photos can be grouped and named as requested

- Need to adjust basic color and contrast

- Fragile photos are handled by hand to prevent damage.

- The service can remove objects or alter backgrounds but cannot fix out-of-focus photos.

- Orders are completed within 10 days.

- Send the photos in a strong cardboard box (not plastic box)

Part 2:

1. Title: Minster Park

2. Length: 7'44s

3. Content: An announcement is about upcoming changes and improvements at the school. These updates aim to improve the school's facilities, addressing both academic and recreational needs for students.

4. Note:

- Originally Dartfield House was a family home commissioned by Neville Richards, it was used as offices before becoming part of the school 40 years ago.

- The canteen is overcrowded due to a single serving point, causing long wait times. So, a new Food Hall with multiple serving areas will open. But the old canteen will still available for students and might be used for storage depending on usage.

- Food Hall: will have all have side dishes, desserts and drinks on sale, as well as main courses.

World Adventures serves a different country’s cuisine each day.

Street Life: Offers food from three cultures: Thailand, Ethiopia and Mexico

Speedy Italian: Focuses on vegetarian and fish-free options

- Activites after lessons include swimming, cycling, drama and music.

Part 3:

1. Title: Assignment on sleep and dreams

2. Length: 6'56s

3. Content: A conversation between Susie and Luke about their psychology assignment on sleep and dreams

Note:

- Luke mentioned a theory that forgetting dreams prevents confusion between dreams and reality.

- Susie initially thought it was just due to memory capacity. She also noted that dreams only seem predictive because we remember the few that come true, not the many that don’t.

- Research on Naps in Children: had no clear results despite considerable effort on methodology.

- Assignment planning:

Study question: Is there a relationship between hours of sleep and number of dreams?

Participants: about 12 history students

Methodology:

- Use data collection by writing self-reporting and making paper questionnaires.

- Have to check ethical guidelines for human research, focusing on risk assessment and avoiding unnecessary stress for participants.

Analysis: the correlation between sleep hours and number of dreams

Presentation: results will be present based on a graph

Part 4:

1. Title: Health benefits of dance

2. Length: 8'46s

3. Content: The passage emphasized how dancing benefits both mental and physical health across different age groups and discusses specific dance forms like Zumba.

4. Note:

Dancing not only makes us feel good, it’s also extremely good for our health. It releases hormones like dopamine, which enhance mood and reduce stress. Group dancing is linked to greater happiness. Dancing also boosts creativity. According to Dr. Lovatt suggested Dance could be an effective therapy for mental health issues, such as depression.

Dancing is accessible for people with low fitness levels and helps with cardiovascular health, balance, and fall prevention. It improves mental sharpness by requiring concentration and memory. Regular dancing promotes a sense of well-being, reduces fatigue, and increases motivation for daily activities. Group dances help reduce isolation by fostering social connections.

Zumba is a global fitness trend combining Latin American dance moves with aerobic exercise. A 40-minute Zumba class burns about 370 calories

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Part 1:

1. Title: JUNIOR CYCLE CAMP

2. Source: Practice Cam 16 Listening Test 03 | IELTS Training Online

3. Length: 7'33s

4. Content: A conversation between a woman expresses interest in booking Charlie for the camp, and Jake provides all the necessary information to help her make a decision.

5. Note:

The cylcle camp is held every weekday morning during summer vacation, focusing on basic cycling skills and safety. It consists of 8 levels for children.

Charlie's 7 year-olds, would be placed in level 5, which starts with practice on the site and then moves to park riding.

Supervisors wear red shirts; instructors wear blue shirts. Supervisors wear red shirts; instructors wear blue shirts.

Have a limit of eight children in each class.

If it is raining, classes will still keep cycling and waterproofs are provided.

Children should bring spare clothes, a snack, and shoes (not sandals)

Day 1 Procedures:

- Arrive by 9.20 AM for Day 1 to check helmets and start the camp.

- Instructors will meet their classes in a specific tent.

Price: $199 per week.

Part 2:

1. Title: Career Opportunities in Agriculture and Horticulture

2. Length: 6'48s

3. Content: Megan Baker, a recruitment consultant at AVT Recruitment specialists, provides an overview of job opportunities in the agriculture and horticulture sectors

4. Note:

Advantages:

- The company roles often offer flexible working hours, which can be beneficial for those balancing other responsibilities like childcare.

- Working outdoors can be a health benefit, avoiding long hours in front of a screen.

- Salaries can sometimes be good, with some opportunities for travel overseas.

Challenges:

- Outdoor work can be unpleasant in bad weather and may require physical fitness

- Jobs are often in remote areas, which can be challenging for those accustomed to city environments.

- Finding suitable housing is generally manageable but can be a concern for some.

Some of jobs:

Fresh Food Commercial Manager: For a large fresh food producer, requiring a sociable personality and ability to handle a fast-paced environment.

Agronomist: Advises farmers on crop nutrition, pest protection, and agricultural legislation; offers career advancement opportunities.

Fresh Produce Buyer: A 12-month maternity cover role for a leading supermarket, requiring experience in administration and buying.

Sales Manager: For a chain of garden centres, requiring regional travel and residence.

Tree Technician: Involves tree cutting and conservation work; requires a clean driving license and safety training.

Farm Worker: Involves various farm duties with perks like renting a small cottage and a competitive salary; driving license and tractor experience needed.

Part 3:

1. Title: Diet and Obesity

2. Length: 6'51s

3. Content: A conversation between Adam and Rosie focused on planning their presentation on diet and obesity

4. Note:

1. Adam’s Experiment: Focused on whether people can distinguish between drinks with real sugar and artificial sweeteners. Adam had challenges ensuring participants did not know which drink they were tasting and keeping track of the results.

2. Rosie’s Experiment: Involved measuring the fat content of nuts to check the accuracy of nutritional labels. Rosie encountered issues with the results, suggesting possible problems with the grinding process or the scales.

3. Ideas:

- Putting low-calorie items at the beginning and end of restaurant menus could lead to healthier choices.

- Food manufacturers might make calorie information confusing to promote higher-calorie products on purpose.

- A study showing a significant discrepancy between self-reported and objectively measured exercise levels.

- Adam explains that making small changes in environments, like increasing the width of stairs, can lead to more people using them.

4. Focusing on causes and solutions in terms of nutrition.

Part 4:

1. Title: Hand knitting

2. Length: 8'35s

3. Content: The talk aims to explore the rich history of knitting and its benefits, both past and present.

4. Note:

Knitting is a global activity with a long history, found in ancient garments from various countries. Traditionally associated with elderly people, especially grandmothers, knitting is often seen as a nostalgic activity.

Contrary to predictions of its decline, knitting is experiencing a revival with increasing interest in knitting classes and higher sales of knitting equipment.

Despite the availability of machine-made clothing, people are drawn to knitting for its personal and economic benefits, as well as for its contribution to well-being.

Benefits:

- can be economical, especially for those who need to make warm clothing for a family.

- provides a respite from the stress of a technologically driven, fast-paced life and is associated with a sense of accomplishment.

Early knitted garments were mostly round and used multiple needles, unlike the flat, two-needle patterns common today.

Early knitting needles were made from wood or bone, and yarns were often rough. The introduction of the spinning wheel improved yarn quality and led to wool's dominance.

Various regions developed distinct knitting styles

Knitting was often done while performing other tasks, such as tending sheep, walking to market, or traveling by boat, providing additional income and practical utility.

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Part 1:

1. Title: Holiday Rental

2. Source: Practice Cam 16 Listening Test 04 | IELTS Training Online

3. Length: 6'25s

4. Content: A conversation between Tom and Shirley who owns the cottages with her husband, Jack. Tom inquired about renting a cottage from Shirley and he decided to book Chervil Cottage and agrees to the terms and payment schedule provided by Shirley.

5. Note

Tom wants to rent a cottage in May. Granary Cottage is booked for the week starting May 14th, but Chervil Cottage is available from May 28th for £480.

Chervil Cottage:

- originally a garage, a double bedroom, a garden, a fridge-freezer, an electric cooker, a washing machine, and a shower.

- central heating and a stove with provided wood.

- views of an old stone bridge and hills with a monument.

Payment:

- Deposit: £144

- Full Payment: end of March.

Part 2:

1. Title: Traffic and highways

2. Length: 6'25s

3. Content: A meeting discusses about traffic, highways, and proposals for improvements to the recreation ground

4. Note:

Traffic and highways:

- Through the survey results, roads are generally in good shape; pothole complaints will be addressed. Increased heavy vehicle traffic is a concern. Popular cycle path will be widened

- Crossing near the Post Office is on hold

- New bike racks to be installed at the station.

Recreation Ground Improvements:

- New car park proposed next to the Community Hall

- Relocated to new land east of the trees

- Built children's playground

- Skateboard ramp's in the southeast corner near the road

- Pavilion near the river and left of the stress

- Notice board is on the right

Part 3:

1. Title: Bike-Sharing Schemes

2. Length: 6'48s

3. Content: A discussion between Jack and Amy about bike-sharing schemes and they analyze examples from various cities.

4. Note:

Benefits: Convenient, increases physical activity, reduce environmental impacts and limit noise pollution.

Recommendations for success: functional app, competition, investment and publicity campaign.

Example:

Amsterdam: a strong cycling culture; high bike-sharing usage despite existing bike ownership.

Dublin: low cost and limited public transport options

London: Popular and well-maintained but slow in expanding cycle lanes.

Buenos Aires: extensive new cycle lanes

New York: high costs and lack of vision in planning.

Sydney: Slow growth, reasons for which are unclear

Part 4:

1. Title: THE EXTINCTION OF THE DODO BIRD

2. Length: 9'14s

3. Content: The passage mentioned about the history and extinction of the dodo bird, a large flightless bird native to Mauritius.

4. Note:

Characteristics: large, flightless bird from Mauritius, one meter tall.

1507: Portuguese sailors visited Mauritius, using it as a stopover but did not settle.

1683: Dutch settlers arrived and used dodos as a food source.

No complete dodo specimens exist; only one skeleton and one preserved head remain.

According recent study, the dodo was more agile and faster than earlier believed. Its wings were likely used for balance rather than flight. They had an average-sized brain and a strong sense of smell.

Extinction due to hunting, the introduction of specices as dogs, monkeys or rats, and the deforestaion

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Part 1:

1. Title: Buckworth Conservation Group

2. Source: Practice Cam 17 Listening Test 01 | IELTS Training Online

3. Length: 5'34s

4. Content: The conversation between Jan and Peter about the Buckworth Conservation Group. Jan contacts Peter to learn about their activities and express interest in participating.

Note:

Regular activities:

- Beach cleanups: cleaning litter from the beach, dogs aren't allowed on the beach, children are welcome to participate.

- Nature reserve: maintaining walking paths, creating new habitats for wildlife, installing bird nesting boxes, focusing on encouraging insects next, finding out different species of butterflies.

Forthcoming Events

- walk across the sands without getting wet, take a picnic, wear waterproof boots

- woodwork session: takes place in Hopton Wood, suitable for beginners like Jan, making wooden spoons and learning how to use the tools,

- Price: 35 pounds (lunch), camp in the wood is 40 pounds.

Part 2:

1. Title: Boat trip round Tasmania

2. Length: 6'19s

3. Content: Lou Miller, a tour guide, providing some key information for a boat tour around the Tasmanian coast.

Note:

The boat tour:

- can hold 18 people: 3 staff and 15 passengers

- upgraded with comfortable dark red seats and light-green exterior

- 3 lunchbox: ham and tomato sandwiches, cheddar cheese roll and salad with eggs and tuna. Lunchbox includes crisps and chocolate bar

- don't throw litter into the sea, staffs will collect them after lunch

Sightings:

- Ancient Lighthouse: built in 1838 to prevent shipwrecks, located on a cliff, and historically maintained by convicts and families.

- Wildlife: sea eagles, fur seals, orca whales

- Tasmania is famous for its sea-accessible caves. Cave entrances as the boat passes through a narrow channel with stunning rock formations. To see more caves, you can take a kayak

Part 3:

1. Title: Work experience for veterinary science students

2. Length: 6'49s

3. Content: A conversation between two students, Diana and Tim, discussing their work experience on a farm and providing feedback on their course modules.

Note:

Tim and Diana had difficulty finding and arranging their farm placements.

Farm work:

- Tim's farm: was mostly livestock, esecially sheep, had Cheviot sheep known for their hardwearing wool, used for carpets

- Diana's farm: had sheep and dairy cows, worked with Suffolk sheep. Diana made a mistake with contaminated milk, led to wasted produce.

Farm modules:

- Diana found medical terminology difficult, while Tim found it straightforward.

- Tim was shocked by the lack of checks on pet food contamination compared to human food.

- Diana was interested in the animal disease module, focusing on diseases affecting domesticated animals in different parts of the world.

- Diana and Tim enjoyed the wildlife medication unit and considered writing their dissertations on related topics.

Part 4:

1. Title: Labyrinths

2. Length: 6'17s

3. Content: The passage discusses the history and meaning of labyrinths and mazes, exploring the spiritual and therapeutic benefits associated with labyrinths.

4. Note:

Labyrinths:

- have existed for over 4000 years

- have a single winding spiral path leading to a central area.

- were metaphors for life’s journey and symbolized spiritual purpose

- can be found in stone carvings, baskets, coins, and turf labyrinths.

Mazes:

- are puzzles with multiple paths, dead ends, and require logic to solve.

- became popular in 15th and 16th century Europe

- came from a Scandinavian word for "confusion."

Modern-day use of labyrinths:

- Labyrinths have experienced a revival in recent times, used in spas, wellness centers, and even hospitals

- Are believed to promote healing, mindfulness, and relaxation.

- Have been incorporated into spas, wellness centers, and even prisons.

- Studies suggest potential benefits for anxiety, stress, and Alzheimer's patients.

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Part 1:

1. Title: Opportunities for voluntary work in Southoe village

2. Source: Practice Cam 17 Listening Test 02 | IELTS Training Online

3. Length: 6'43s

4. Content: A conversation between Jane and Frank about volunteering in the village of Southoe. Frank is looking to get involved in the community and Jane provides him with some information about it.

5. Note

Volunteer Oppoturnities:

- Village library: collecting books, updating records

- Lunch club: help with transport

- helping with the village's art groups

Social Events:

- helping with refreshments for a quiz night, checking tickets, designing posters.

- assisting with tasks like gardening or transportation.

Mrs Carroll: drive to the hospital on Tuesday.

Mr Selsbury: Weeding his garden.

Quiz on October 19th: Providing refreshments.

Dance on November 18th: Checking tickets at the door.

New Year's Eve party: Designing a poster.

Part 2:

1. Title: Oniton Hall

2. Length: 6'50s

3. Content: A brief introduction, provided by Nick, a guide at Onion Hall. He offers the history of the estate, a visit to the house and gardens, and a tour of the farm.

4. Note:

History:

- The estate includes a house, gardens, parkland, and a farm

- Dates back to the 14th century

- Original house replaced in the late seventeenth century.

- Many owners have left their mark on the estate.

Sir Edward Downes:

- was a wealthy 17th-century politician, who owned the estate in the seventeenth century.

- Escaped from politics to build the house showcase his collection of books, paintings, and sculptures.

- Hosted meetings of creative and literary people.

The estate shows the lives of servants from the 19th century through volunteers dressed in period costumes.

Children activities: dressing in historical clothing, playing in the adventure playground, and driving around the ground by child-sized tractors.

The farm:

- are buildings date back to the 18th century

- The dairy is the place to enjoy lunch, tea, homemade cakes

- The large barn houses a collection of agricultural tools

- The small barn for grooming donkeys and horses.

- The stables with gifts and clothes, horse-drawn carriage tours.

Parkland: laid out in the eighteenth century with a lake and trees, rare cattle and sheep.

Part 3:

1. Title: Romeo and Juliet Performance

2. Length: 6'8s

3. Content: A conversation between Ed and Gemma about their experience watching a performance of Romeo and Juliet, and their assignment to write a review.

Note:

Their review should focus on the effectiveness of the production. It's the most important factor is the emotional impact the performance.

The Emporium Theatre’s Production:

- The set design as visually stunning, though Ed has seen similar ideas before

- Some scenes were too dim, but creating mood

- surprised by the contemporary dress

- music didn’t have enough impact in later acts.

- Gemma feeling actors spoke too fast and Ed noting some weren’t loud enough

Broader Reflections:

- reflect on the play's relevance

- found the translated version powerful

- discuss Shakespeare’s universal appeal and how his plays allow for creative interpretation.

Part 4:

1. Title: The impact of digital technology on the Icelandic language

2. Length: 5'55s

3. Content: The challenges the Icelandic language faces due to digital technology, despite its historical resilience and unique features.

4. Note:

The Icelandic language, which is spoken by around 321,000 people

The influence of English is the problem, when younger Icelanders, who spend much time in the digital world

Playground conversations and classroom activities are increasingly conducted in English.

Risk of losing their native language

Grammar is complex and is not prioritized by tech companies for digital integration.

Government is investing in language technology to promote the use of Icelandic in the digital world.

A loss of cultural identity and communication challenges.

The country future is considered stable, though the influence of English continues to grow.

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Part 1:

1. Title: Advice on surfing holidays

2. Source: Practice Cam 17 Listening Test 03 | IELTS Training Online

3. Length: 5'44s

4. Content: A conversation between a woman seeking advice from Jack on planning a surfing holiday in Ireland with her children.

Note:

Surfing is suitable for all ages and is a great family activity.

Need to be quite fit

Locations:

- County Donegal: Offers great surfing spots.

- County Clare (Lahinch): Ideal for families with moderate waves and a lively town.

- County Mayo (Carrowniskey beach): Has a good surf school for kids and a beautiful bay for kayaking.

Weather and Timing:

- September is recommended for warmer water, but summer has milder weather (around 19°C, rarely over 25°C).

- surfing can be done in the rain.

Cost: Surfing is affordable, with wetsuit and board rentals costing around 30 euros per day, and discounts for weekly rentals.

Gear: Ensure you rent high-quality wetsuits and boots to stay warm while surfing.

Part 2:

1. Title: The Before and After School Childcare Service

2. Length: 6'56s

3. Content: An overview by Mrs. Carter who run the before and after school extended hours childcare service, outlining the key details and activities offered.

4. Note:

Children aged 4-11 years, can accommodate up to 70 children

Before School: Attendance is about half of the afternoon sessions.

After School: From 3:30 PM to 6:00 PM, children are cared for after school

Includes a healthy snack and a more substantial meal at 5 PM.

Costs:

- Full session (3:30 PM – 6:00 PM): £7.20

- 1-hour session: £3.50

- 2-hour session: £5.70

Activities:

- Spanish Classes: every Thursday, two sessions, have an extra charge

- Music Lessons: every Monday, parental volunteers are encouraged to help out

- Art: Popular with the children and help them relex

- Cooking: limited to children over 8 due to the mess and need for cleaning up afterward.

- Yoga: is newly available

Part 3:

1. Title: Holly’s Work Placement Tutorial

2. Length: 6'58s

3. Content: A discussion between Holly and Dr. Green about Holly's work placement at the Orion Stadium to organizing a sports competition for primary school children

Note:

Inspecting changing rooms and keeping children within boundaries. The grounds are safe and that no children wander off.

The spectators: can be hard to manage

Weather: Rain and juries can delay events

Communication Skills: in face-to-face situations like convincing sponsors.

Organizational Skills: need to adapt quickly and ready to make changes on the spot.

Time Management: need to stay calm under pressure

Creativity: need to listen carefully the events manager's require

Leadership: lead a team and needs to make final decisions.

Networking: present herself as interesting and full of ideas, as making a good impression

Part 4:

1. Title: Bird Migration Theory

2. Length: 6'48s

3. Content: The passage provides an overview of early theories and discoveries about bird migration.

4. Note:

Ancient Theories:

- Hibernation Theories: birds hibernated underwater or in mud during the winter. It's disproved by experiments on caged birds.

- Aristotle’s Transmutation Theory: some birds, like redstarts, transformed into other species. It's incorrect due to the similarities in their shape

- Lunar Migration Theory: Charles Morton proposed a bizarre theory that birds migrated to the moon due to the mysterious disappearance of some species.

Discoveries:

- The Arrow Stork: In 1882, the discovery of a stork in Germany with an African spear in its neck that showed European storks migrate to Africa for the winter

It's very little information was available about the actual destinations and journey of particular species

- Bird Ringing: Ringing depended on what is called "recovery" of dead birds.

- In 1931, the first atlas to show the migration of European birds was printed.

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Part 1:

1. Title: Easy Life Cleaning Services

2. Source: Practice Cam 17 Listening Test 04 | IELTS Training Online

3. Length: 5'12s

4. Content: A conversation between Jacinta from Easy Life Cleaning Services and a client who is interested in hiring a cleaning service for her one-bedroom apartment.

5. Note:

Basic Cleaning Package: a one-bedroom flat, a thorough clean of all surfaces and cleaning of the kitchen and bathroom, about 2 hours

Additional Services:

Cleaning the fridge (weekly).

Ironing shirts for work (additional service).

Cleaning the inside of windows (monthly).

Balcony cleaning using a pressure washer (monthly).

Other possibilities:

- contacts for reliable plumbers and electricians

- a special vacuum cleaning system that captures up to 99% of dust, which may help with allergies.

- Cleaners carry out by police security checks, training lasts two weeks by a test.

- Clients send a review after each visit.

Part 2:

1. Title: High Staff Turnover in the Hotel Industry

2. Length: 7'18s

3. Content: A speaker discusses the issue of high staff turnover in the hotel industry such as operations or strategies.

4. Note:

Problems: Constant turnover can disrupt operations, managers may have to cover duties themselves, and remaining staff may feel demoralized.

Causes: The lack of training is a main factor.

Solutions: All staff should be given some choice about when they work. Recognizing staff contributions can improve morale.

Dunwich Hotel: reduced complaints and increased customer spending

The Sun Club: meeting to share their opinions, making them feel valued

The Portland: a talent recognition scheme to encourage retention

Bluewater: an all-expenses-paid trip abroad

Pentlow Hotels: a management program for junior reception staff

Green Planet: childcare vouchers

The Amesbury: a cooperative environment

Part 3:

1. Title: The Evolution of Sports Technology

2. Length: 6'17s

3. Content: Jane and Thomas are discussing their experiences in a sports science course and brainstorming ideas about technology and sports.

4. Note:

Thomas initially aimed to be a professional athlete, with strong supports from peers.

Trained in Kenya with top teenage athletes but realized he was not skilled

Sports Equipment:

- Table Tennis: innovations bats cover with pimpled rubber.

- Cricket: faced resistance die to helmet's introduction

- Cycling Helmets: modern helmets featuring large air vents for comfort.

- Golf Clubs: evolving in terms of materials and performance.

- Hockey Sticks: players originally made their own sticks.

- Football: Early balls were made of animal skin and would absorb water, becoming heavy and difficult to play with.

Part 4:

1. Title: Maple syrup

2. Length: 7'20s

3. Content: The passage provides an overview of maple syrup, from its origins to its production process and uses.

4. Note:

Maple syrup:

- is a thick, made from the sap of maple trees

- used as a topping for foods like waffles and ice cream, in baking.

- no preservatives or added ingredients

- healthier than refined sugar

Maple Tree:

- in areas with moist soil, full or partial sunlight, and cool nights

- found in Canada and the northeastern United States.

Early maple sugar producers

- produce maple sugar by tapping trees and boiling sap using heated rocks

Today’s maple syrup:

- must reach a diameter of approximately 25 centimeters, which can take up to 40 years.

- a tap drilled into the trunk and a tube carries the sap into a bucket.

- evaporators remove water and concentrate the syrup. It creates a lot of steam.

- "sugar sand" is removed bcs it makes the syrup look cloudy

- It takes about 40 liters of sap to produce one liter of maple syrup